Muscular system Part 1: General Structure and Physiology

Question 1

Three types of muscular tissue

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 2

Most move bones
Striated:
Alternating light and dark bands (striations) evident by microscopy
Voluntary:
Its activity can be consciously controlled

Answer 2

Skeletal Muscle

Question 3

Functions of muscular tissue

Answer 3

Producing Body Movements:
Walking and running
Stabilizing Body Positions:
Posture
Moving Substances Within the Body:
Heart muscle pumping blood
Moving substances in the digestive tract
Generating heat:
Contracting muscle produces heat
Shivering increases heat production

Question 4

Ability to respond to stimuli

Answer 4

excitability

Question 5

Ability to contract forcefully when stimulated

Answer 5

Contractility

Question 6

Ability to stretch without being damaged

Answer 6

Extensibility

Question 7

Ability to return to an original length

Answer 7

Elasticity

Question 8

Components of Skeletal muscles

Answer 8

Cells-
“fibers” - generate force
Connective tissue-
Anchor, structure
Blood-
Nutrients, waste
Nerves-
Control, feedback

Question 9

Outermost layer
Surrounds numerous bundles of fascicles
fibrous sheath surrounding the entire muscle
outer surface grades into the fascia
inner surface sends projections between fascicles to form perimysium

Answer 9

Epimysium

Question 10

Separates 10-100 muscle fibers into bundles called fascicles
slightly thicker layer of connective tissue
fascicles – bundles of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium
carry larger nerves and blood vessels, and stretch receptors

Answer 10

Perimysium

Question 11

Separates individual muscle fibers from one another
thin sleeve of loose connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber
allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach each muscle fiber

Answer 11

Endomysium

Question 12

sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups from each other and the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 12

Fascia

Question 13

How do muscle cells grow?

Answer 13

Hypertrophy or getting bigger, which is why they only have limited potential for repair. Do not divide

Question 14

Cord that attach a muscle to a bone

Answer 14

tendon

Question 15

Broad, flattened tendon

Answer 15

Aponeurosis

Question 16

Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle to contract are

Answer 16

Somatic motor neurons

Question 17

Each muscle fiber is in close contact with one or more

Answer 17

capillary (blood supply)

Question 18

Determines strength and direction muscles pull

Answer 18

orientation of fascicles

Question 19

thick in middle and tapered at ends
biceps brachii , gastrocnemius

Answer 19

Fusiform muscles

Question 20

have uniform width and parallel fascicles
can span longer distances than other shapes
rectus abdominis, zygomaticus major

Answer 20

Parallel muscles

Question 21

fan-shaped, broad at origin and tapering to a narrower insertion
pectoralis major, temporalis

Answer 21

triangular or Convergent muscles

Question 22

fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon (feather shaped)
unipennate, bipennate or multipennate
palmar interosseus, rectus femoris and deltoid

Answer 22

Pennate muscles

Question 23

ring around body opening
orbicularis oculi, urethral and anal sphincters

Answer 23

Circular muscles or sphincters

Question 24

bony attachment at stationary end of muscle

Answer 24

Origin

Question 25

thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion

Answer 25

Belly

Question 26

bony attachment to mobile end of muscle

Answer 26

Insertion

Question 27

little separation between muscle and bone
muscle seems to immerge directly from bone
margins of brachialis, lateral head of triceps brachii

Answer 27

Direct or fleshy attatchment

Question 28

connective tissue band that tendons from separate muscles pass under

Answer 28

retinaculum

Question 29

Bridge the gap from muscle ends to bones
the collagen fibers of the endo-, peri-, and epimysium continue into the tendon
from there into the periosteum and the matrix of bone
very strong structural continuity from muscle to bone
biceps brachii, Achilles tendon

Answer 29

Tendons

Question 30

Muscle action across elbow: prime mover

Answer 30

brachialis

Question 31

Muscle action across elbow: Synergist

Answer 31

biceps brachialii

Question 32

Muscle action across elbow: antagonist

Answer 32

triceps brachii

Question 33

Muscle action across elbow: Fixator, holds the scapula firmly in place

Answer 33

rhomboids

Question 34

the effects produced by a muscle

Answer 34

action

Question 35

muscle that produces most of force during a joint action

Answer 35

prime mover

Question 36

muscle that aids the prime mover
stabilizes the nearby joint
modifies the direction of movement

Answer 36

synergist

Question 37

opposes the prime mover
relaxes to give prime mover control over an action
preventing excessive movement and injury

Answer 37

Antagonist

Question 38

muscles that act on opposite sides of a joint

Answer 38

antagonistic pairs

Question 39

muscle that prevents movement of bone

Answer 39

fixator

Question 40

contained within a region, such as the hand
both origin and insertion in the same region

Answer 40

Intrinsic muscles

Question 41

act on a designated region, but has its origin elsewhere
ex. fingers originating in the forearm

Answer 41

extrinsic muscles