The Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 2 main divisions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Axial and appendicular

Question 2

? This division consists of the limb bones, scapula, clavicle, and pelvis and enables movement.

Answer 2

Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

? This division consists of the skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and hyoid bone and provides the general scaffold of the body.

Answer 3

Axial skeleton

Question 4

How many types of bone are there?

Answer 4

4

Remember: silf - s (short); i (irregular); l (long); f (flat)

Question 5

Bones are connected at joints via ?

Answer 5

Ligaments

Question 6

? This bone, which supports the tongue, is the only bone in the body supported by muscle.

Answer 6

Hyoid bone

Question 7

? The articulating ends of bone, or points of contact, are covered with ____ to prevent direct bone contact and cushion the joint.

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage

Question 8

What are the 3 main types of joints?

Answer 8

Synovial, fibrous and cartilaginous

Question 9

____ joints occur when 2 bones meet at a connection of ____ and are partially movable, such as joints between vertebrae in the spine.

Answer 9

Cartilaginous

Question 10

____ joints are held together only by ligaments and are not movable (i.e. the bones in the skull)

Answer 10

Fibrous

Question 11

____ joints, including the ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot joints are the most common joint in the body and contain lubricating ____ fluid. Types of these joints include the knee, elbow, hip, and shoulder joints.

Answer 11

Synovial

Question 12

? This is an autoimmune disease that is caused by immune cells attacking either the cartilage or joint lining, leading to bone erosion and pain.

Answer 12

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 13

? These are the fibrous connective tissue that attach muscle to bone.

Answer 13

Tendons

Question 14

What are the 2 main types of bone tissue?

Answer 14

Spongy & compact

Question 15

? This type of bone tissue is less dense and is located at the ends of bones, containing bone marrow (the site of red blood cell (erythrocyte) and lymphocyte production).

Answer 15

Spongy bone tissue

Question 16

? This type of bone tissue is much denser and supports the body and stores calcium.

Answer 16

Compact bone tissue

Question 17

Long bones are characterized by a cylindrical shaft, the ____, and dilated ends, called the ____ ?

Answer 17

Diaphysis; epiphyses

Question 18

What is the site of new bone growth?

Answer 18

epiphyseal plate

Question 19

What is the fibrous sheath that surrounds and protects the bone called?

Answer 19

The periosteum

Question 20

____ build bone while ____ break it down.

Answer 20

Osteoblasts; osteoclasts

Question 21

What is the type of bone cell that is responsible for sensing mechanical stress and regulating both osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Answer 21

Osteocytes

Question 22

____ is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the loss of cushioning cartilage.

Answer 22

Osteoarthritis

Question 23

____ is a loss in bone mineral density, is caused by lack of calcium and vitamin D in the body, as well as bone loss that occurs naturally with aging.

Answer 23

Osteoporosis

Question 24

____, also known as brittle bone disease, is a genetic disease whereby either insufficient or defective collagen is produced, making bones very fragile and easy to break.

Answer 24

Osteogenesis imperfecta