The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 2 main divisions of the skeletal system?
Axial and appendicular
? This division consists of the limb bones, scapula, clavicle, and pelvis and enables movement.
Appendicular skeleton
? This division consists of the skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and hyoid bone and provides the general scaffold of the body.
Axial skeleton
How many types of bone are there?
4
Remember: silf - s (short); i (irregular); l (long); f (flat)
Bones are connected at joints via ?
Ligaments
? This bone, which supports the tongue, is the only bone in the body supported by muscle.
Hyoid bone
? The articulating ends of bone, or points of contact, are covered with ____ to prevent direct bone contact and cushion the joint.
Hyaline cartilage
What are the 3 main types of joints?
Synovial, fibrous and cartilaginous
____ joints occur when 2 bones meet at a connection of ____ and are partially movable, such as joints between vertebrae in the spine.
Cartilaginous
____ joints are held together only by ligaments and are not movable (i.e. the bones in the skull)
Fibrous
____ joints, including the ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot joints are the most common joint in the body and contain lubricating ____ fluid. Types of these joints include the knee, elbow, hip, and shoulder joints.
Synovial
? This is an autoimmune disease that is caused by immune cells attacking either the cartilage or joint lining, leading to bone erosion and pain.
Rheumatoid arthritis
? These are the fibrous connective tissue that attach muscle to bone.
Tendons
What are the 2 main types of bone tissue?
Spongy & compact
? This type of bone tissue is less dense and is located at the ends of bones, containing bone marrow (the site of red blood cell (erythrocyte) and lymphocyte production).
Spongy bone tissue
? This type of bone tissue is much denser and supports the body and stores calcium.
Compact bone tissue
Long bones are characterized by a cylindrical shaft, the ____, and dilated ends, called the ____ ?
Diaphysis; epiphyses
What is the site of new bone growth?
epiphyseal plate
What is the fibrous sheath that surrounds and protects the bone called?
The periosteum
____ build bone while ____ break it down.
Osteoblasts; osteoclasts
What is the type of bone cell that is responsible for sensing mechanical stress and regulating both osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Osteocytes
____ is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the loss of cushioning cartilage.
Osteoarthritis
____ is a loss in bone mineral density, is caused by lack of calcium and vitamin D in the body, as well as bone loss that occurs naturally with aging.
Osteoporosis
____, also known as brittle bone disease, is a genetic disease whereby either insufficient or defective collagen is produced, making bones very fragile and easy to break.
Osteogenesis imperfecta
