The Genitourinary System Flashcards
The ___ filter blood to remove waste products and maintain fluid balance, and they produce ____, a fluid consisting of water, excess electrolytes, and metabolic wastes.
kidneys; urine
Urine travels from the kidneys through the ____ to be stored in the ____ before being expelled from the body by the _____.
ureters; urinary bladder; urethra
The functional unit of the kidney, the ___, is where blood filtration and reabsorption occur.
nephron
The kidneys receive blood from the left and right ____, which carry blood directly from the heart via the abdominal aorta.
renal arteries
These arteries branch and feed into the ____, a network of capillaries that contains large pores, making it highly permeable to certain ions like sodium and potassium.
glomerulus
____, a cup-like end of the nephron, surrounds the glomerulus, and together they make up the ____, which is the filtration unit of the kidney.
Bowman’s capsule; renal corpuscle
The arteriole entering the glomerulus, the ____, is larger than the arteriole exiting the glomerulus, the ____.
afferent arteriole; efferent arteriole
The filtrate next enters the ____, where salts, water, glucose, and amino acids are reabsorbed.
renal tubule
The remaining filtrate, which contains significant amounts of ___ along with excess water and other waste products, then enters the collecting duct, where it can be concentrated and converted into urine.
urea
The remaining filtrate, which contains significant amounts of ___ along with excess water and other waste products, then enters the collecting duct, where it can be concentrated and converted into urine.
urea
In addition to filtering out wastes, the kidneys play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the circulatory system. The ___ are located at the tip of each kidney and secrete several hormones, including those that regulate blood pressure and fluid balance. These hormones react in response to decreased blood pressure to retain fluid balance.
adrenal glands
The hormone ____ increases blood pressure. Activates angiotensin; increases secretion of ADH and aldosterone.
renin
The hormone ____ increases blood pressure. Activates angiotensin; increases secretion of ADH and aldosterone.
renin
The hormone ____ increases blood pressure. Increases reabsorption of Na+ from the renal tubules, causing more water to be reabsorbed via osmosis.
aldosterone
The hormone ____ increases blood volume. Prevents fluid loss to maintain blood volume by increasing reabsorption of water from renal tubules and collecting ducts.
ADH (antidiuretic hormone; aka vasopressin)
