The Neuromuscular System Flashcards
The nervous system consists of 2 parts; what are they?
The central nervous system & peripheral nervous system
The ____ and ____ make up the central nervous system.
brain; spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system consists of ____ that send and receive signals throughout the body.
neurons (nerve cells)
The largest part of the brain is the ____ ?
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into 2 halves; connected by nerve fibers that form the ____, which are further subdivided into 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.
Corpus callosum
The ____ connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord and controls critical involuntary body functions.
brain stem
What is the dense cluster of neurons at the base of the brain that coordinate muscle control and balance?
The cerebellum
The ____ regulates breathing, swallowing, and the beating of the heart.
medulla
This is a cylindrical column of nerves that runs through the center of the spine. Nerve impulses are transmitted from the extremities of the body to the brain via this ?
spinal cord
? ____ contain both sensory fibers and motor fibers.
spinal nerves
? ____ contain both sensory fibers and motor fibers.
spinal nerves
Sensory information such as temperature, pain, or pressure is conveyed to the brain along ____ neurons.
afferent (sensory)
Response commands from the CNS are transmitted back to the musculature along ____ neurons.
efferent (motor)
The peripheral nervous system is further divided into what 2 nervous systems?
Somatic & autonomic
? This nervous system sends and receives signals from skeletal muscle, which is under conscious control.
Somatic
? This nervous system regulates body processes that do not require conscious control (i.e. smooth and cardiac muscle activity and glandular secretions)
Autonomic
? This division of the autonomic nervous system controls the body’s “fight or flight” response to threat.
Sympathetic
? This division of the autonomic nervous system returns the body to its resting state.
Parasympathetic
How many sets of cranial nerves are there?
12
What is the largest muscle in the body that straightens the leg at the hip and helps keep the body upright?
The gluteus maximus
What is the smallest muscle in the body that is 1 mm long and stabilizes the bone in the middle ear and controls the conduction of sound waves into the inner ear?
The stapedius
The cell body of a neuron is called the ?
soma
What is the process of generating an action potential called?
Polarization
Most axons are insulated with layers of ____, which helps to increase the speed of the electrical impulse along the nerve cell.
myelin
