The Respiratory System Flashcards
? The pathway of the respiratory system can be remembered by the mnemonic “Please Leave The Breathing Alone” which breaks down how?
Pharynx –> Larynx –> Trachea –> Bronchi –> Alveoli
? This is a detergent found bathing the alveoli which reduces surface tension to prevent lung collapse.
Surfactant
? Epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract are covered with ? which beat rhythmically to keep mucus and other particles flowing across the interior epithelial surface.
Cilia
True or False?
Since the heart is located on the left side of the body, the left lung is slightly larger than the right lung.
False; It is slightly smaller
? The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen at the alveoli relies on ____ ?
simple diffusion
The ____ is directly proportional to the surface area and the concentration gradient and is inversely proportional to the distance between the two gases.
diffusion rate
The partial pressure of oxygen is ____ in the airspace of the lungs and ____ in the blood, so oxygen will diffuse down its concentration gradient into the blood.
high; low
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is ____ in the blood than in the airspace in the lungs, so it will diffuse down its concentration gradient out of the blood.
higher
? ____ is controlled by the medulla oblongata, located in the brain stem, which monitors blood pH and carbon dioxide concentration in the blood.
Ventilation rate
Carbon dioxide directly affects pH through the bicarbonate blood-buffering system.
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO-3
When the concentration of carbon dioxide is high, the equilibrium shifts to the right, favoring protons and bicarbonate.
An increase in protons ____ the pH of the blood, causing acidosis, and leads to an ____ in ventilation rate.
decreases; increase
When the concentration of carbon dioxide is low, the equilibrium is shifted to the left, favoring carbon dioxide and water, which decreases the concentration of protons and bicarbonate.
A decrease in proton concentration ____ the pH of the blood, leading to alkalosis, and causes a ____ in ventilation rate.
increases; decrease
____ is the amount of air that always resides within the lungs and functions to prevent lung collapse.
residual volume
____ is the total volume of air that can be exchanged through inhalation and exhalation and is composed of the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
vital capacity
____ is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing.
tidal volume
