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the shoulder complex Flashcards

1
Q

what bones make up the shoulder complex?

A

humerus
scapula
clavicle

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2
Q

what joint connects the shoulder to the axial skeleton?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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3
Q

what is the primary mechanism that serves for securing the shoulder girdle to the rest of the body?

A

suspensory muscles

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4
Q

what are the three anatomical joints that make up the shoulder complex?

A

sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint

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5
Q

what is the functional joint that makes up the shoulder complex?

A

scapulothoracic joint

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6
Q

what is particular about the scapulothoracic joint?

A

its not a true joint, it has no boney articulation between the scapula and thoracic cage, movement produced is that of the scapula gliding on the thoracic cage

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7
Q

what articulates in the GH joint?

A

the small glenoid fossa with the head of the humerus

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8
Q

what is the GH joint often referred to as?

A

the shoulder joint

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9
Q

what motions can be accomplished by the sternoclavicular joint?

A

elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
anterior/posterior rotation of the clavicle

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10
Q

what type of mvmt occurs at the acromioclavicular joint?

A

minimal movement but will participate in elevation and depression, protraction/retraction
anterior/posterior rotation of the clavicle

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11
Q

what enhances the glenoid fossa?

A

the glenoid labrum

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12
Q

what has the GH joint sacrified to serve the mobility needs to the hand?

A

sacrified congruency

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13
Q

what mvmts can be accomplished by the GH joint?

A

flexion/extension
add/abd
IR/ER

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14
Q

What is the GH joint susceptible to?

A

degenerative changes and dernagement

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15
Q

what are the shoulder muscles responsible for?

A

F/E
ABD/ADD
ER/IR

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16
Q

What is the Scapulothoracic motion a part of?

A

part of a true closed chian with SC and AC joints thus movement of ST will result in motion of AC and/or SC joint

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17
Q

what type of motion occurs at the ST joint?

A

Elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
up/down rotation

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18
Q

what motion occurs to keep the scapula relatively flushed with the curved rib cage?

A

smaller motion of the medial/lateral rotation and anterior/posterior tipping of the ST joint

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19
Q

scapular muscles are responsible for what types of mvmts?

A

Elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
up/down rotation

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20
Q

what is the general AROM/PROM of flexion in the shoulder?

A

160-180 degrees

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21
Q

what is the general AROM/PROM of extension in the shoulder?

A

50-60

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22
Q

what is the general AROM/PROM of ABD in the shoulder?

A

180

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23
Q

what is the general AROM/PROM of IR in the shoulder?

A

60-100

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24
Q

what is the general AROM/PROM of ER in the shoulder?

A

80-90 degrees

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25
Q

what is the normal end feel in the shoulder during Flexion, extension, ABD, IR/ER

A

capsular

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26
Q

what muscles make up the rotator cuff? what is their main function?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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27
Q

what is the main function of the rotator cuff muscles? how is it accomplished?

A

serve as dynamic stabilizers to the GH joint by compressing the head of the humerus into the glenoid fossa
creates an inferior translator pull to offset the superior pull of the deltoid during abd (infra, teres and sub)
creates a superior force against gravity with ABD (supraspinatus)

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28
Q

would the GH joint be able to account for the full ROM of the shoulder by itself?

A

no, its the coordinated function of the shoulder complex that allows it to achieve the greatest ROM,

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29
Q

what helps provide the remaining ROM to the GH joint?

A

the ST joint via the AC and SC joints during upwards rotation of the scapular induced by the trapezius and serratus anterior

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30
Q

what is the ST rhythm?

A

the concomitant GH and ST motion

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31
Q

summerize in 3 points the main effect of the combined Scapulohumeral motion

A
  1. the motion is distributed between GH and ST joints
  2. it maintains the glenoid fossa in an optimal position to recieve the head of the humerus, increasing joint congruency while decreasing shear forces
  3. permits musscles acting on the humerus to maintain good length-tension relation while minimizing of preventing active insufficency of GH muscles
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32
Q

what are some orthopedics capsular patterns?

A

arthritis

frozen shoulder

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33
Q

what are some orthopedics non-capsular patterns?

A 
impingement
bursitis
tendinitis/muscle
labrum
AC OR SC pathology
nerve
dislocation/subluxation
fracture of humerus or clavicle
ligament sprains
hyper/hypomobility
scapulothoracic dysfunction
34
Q

what are some common shoulder conditions that may occur post stroke?

A

subluxation
spasticity
frozen shoulder
impringement

35
Q

why is the elbow complex designed to serve?

A

serve the hand

36
Q

what is the main function of the elbow complex?

A

provide mobility of the hand in space by shortening/lengthening the UE

37
Q

what bones make up the elbow complex?

A

humerus
radius
ulna

38
Q

what are the total joints that make up the elbow complex? where are they located?

A
  • humeroulnar (elbow)
  • humeroradial (elbow)
  • proximal radioulnar joint (wrist)
  • distal radioulnar joint (elbow)
39
Q

whta is the funtion of the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?

A

allows for flexion and extension

40
Q

what links the proximal and distal radioulnar joint?

A

interosseous membrane

thus functions as a single joint

41
Q

what is the main motion accomplished by the radioulnar joint?

A

pronation/supination

42
Q

how many muscles cross the elbow complex? where do they act on?

A

15 muscles

some acti on the shoulder other on the wrist

43
Q

what is the effect of having muscles linking the shoulder, elbow and wrist together?

A

allows to enhance the function o the hand

44
Q

how many muscles are directly associated with the elbow joint, what are they, what is their function?

A

flexors (3): brachialis, biceps brachii and brachioradialis

extensors (2): triceps and anconeus

45
Q

how many muscles are associated with the radioulnar joint? what is their function

A

supination (2): supinator, biceps brachi

pronation (2): pronator teres, pronator quadratus

46
Q

what is the normal AROM for flexion of the elbow complex? what happens in not supinated

A

135-145 degrees

if not supinated the AROM will decrease

47
Q

what is the normal PROM for flexion of the elbow complex?

A

150-160 degrees

48
Q

what is the normal end feel of the elbow complex during flexion?

A

soft tissue approximation

49
Q

what is the normal AROM/PROM for extension of the elbow complex? what may be possible?

A

0 degrees

possible to have cases of hyperextension

50
Q

what is the joint end feel in the case of extension of the elbow?

51
Q

what is the normal AROM/PROM for pronation of the elbow complex with elbow at 90 degrees?

A

75 degrees

52
Q

what is the joint end feel in the case of pronation/supination of the elbow?

53
Q

what is the normal AROM/PROM for supination of the elbow complex with elbow at 90 degrees?

A

80 degrees

54
Q

what is the normal carrying angle in men? in women?

A

men: 5 degrees
women: 10-15 degrees

55
Q

what is cubitus valgus?

A

increased carrying angle

56
Q

what is cubitus varus?

A

decreased carrying angle

57
Q

what is the functional ROM for flexion for the elbow?

A

~100 degrees

58
Q

what is the function ROM for pronation for the elbow?

A

~50 degrees

59
Q

what is the function ROM for supination for the elbow?

A

~55 degrees

60
Q

what are some common conditions that occur at the elbow?

A

-lateral epicondulitis
-medial epicondylitis
olecranon bursitis
ulnar collateral ligament sprains
dislocations
fracture
cubital tunnel syndrom
arthritis
muscle sprains

61
Q

what joint forms the wrist complex?

A
  • radiocarpal joint

- midcarpal joint

62
Q

whta joint located between the radius/TFCC proximally and scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum distally?

A

radiocarpal joint

63
Q

where is the midcarpal joint located?

A

between the proximal row composed of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum and the distal row made up of the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate.

64
Q

what is the normal AROM/PROM for flexion of the wrist?

A

80 degrees

65
Q

what is the normal end feel of the wrist?

66
Q

what is the normal AROM/PROM for extension of the wrist?

A

70 degrees

67
Q

what is the normal AROM/PROM for radial deviation of the wrist?

A

20 degrees

68
Q

what is the normal AROM/PROM for ulnar deviation of the wrist?

A

35 degrees

69
Q

what are the primary muscles involved in flexion of the wrist?

A

palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialus
flexor carpi ulnaris

70
Q

what are the muscles involved with flexion of the wrist?

A 
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
 Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexors digitorum superficialis 
 Flexors digitorum profundus
 Flexor pollicis longus
71
Q

what are the primary muscles involved in extension of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris

72
Q

what are the muscles involved with extension of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum communis
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicus longus Extensor pollicus brevis Abductor pollicus longus

73
Q

what muscles are involved in RD of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Flexor carpi radialis
Abductor pollicis longus

74
Q

what muscles are involved in UD of the wrist?

A

extensor carpi ulnaris

flexor carpi ulnaris

75
Q

what are the two most important functions of the wrist? why?

A

extension and UD as they are needed to grab objects

76
Q

what is the functional ROM for flexion of the wrist?

A

55 degrees

77
Q

what is the functional ROM for extension of the wrist?

A

60 degrees

78
Q

what is the functional ROM for UD of the wrist?

A

35 degrees

79
Q

what is the functional ROM for RD of the wrist?

A

17 degrees

80
Q

what are some common hand conditions?

A 
sprains and strains
carpal tunnel syndrome
de quervain syndrome
osteoarthritis of the thumb and fingers
tendon repair rehab
fracture of radius or ulna
scaphoid fracture
boxer’s fracture
radioculopathy
dislocations 
nerve impingement
81
Q

what is tenis elbow?

A

lateral epicondylitis

82
Q

what is golfer’s elbow?

A

medial epicondylitis

PHTH 450 (14 decks)

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