proprioception Flashcards
what is balance
the proces by which the body’s COG is controlled with respect to the base of support, whether that base is stationnary or moving
what are the systems that contribute to balance
visual, vestibular and somatosensory system
what is the visual system’s role in balance
measures the orientation of the head and the eyes in relation to its surrounding onjects thus allows to maintain balance
what info is supplied by the vestibular system
info that measures gravitational, linear, angular accelerations of the head in relation to inertial space
what type of information is not provided by the vestibular system?
orientation information in relation to external objects
does the vestibular system play a major or minor role in balance when the visual and somatosensory systems provide accurte info
minor role
what is proprioception
overall awareness of body position which is independent of vision and essential in preventing injury
how does proprioception function
the nervous system communicated w/ muscles, tendons, joints through different proprioceptirs to sens and alter body position
where are muscle spindles located
parallel to skeletal muscle fibers
what activated muscle spindles and how do they repsond.
any rapid or excessive muscle lengthening (monitor change in tissue length) will cause spindles to provoke a muscle contraction in order to prevent excessive stretch of the muscle
what type of nerves monitor the rate and magnitude of stretch for whuch the muscle spindles respond to
sensory nerves
what happens if the tissue undergoes a strong or fast enough stretch
potential tissue damahe hence the a-MN prompts the surrounding extrafusal fibers to contrct and shorten the muscle thus protecting it
what response is provoked by muscle spindles
myotatic reflex
where are GTO located
woven within the CT of the tendon
what triggers GTO and how does it respond
excessive muscle contraction or passive stretch (change in muscle tension) will provoke GTO and cause inhibition of target muscle along with contraction of antagonist muscle
what happens when a ms generates sufficent tension either through contraction or passive stretch
GTO activate and inhibit ms contraction and prompt ms to relax along with antagonist contraction thus decreasing muscle tension
what reflex is associated with the action of the GTO
inverse myotatic reflex
what is reciprocal inhibition
contraction of one muscle, relaxation of the other.
both GTO and muscles spindles are cqpable of this and allows the body to move and not fight against itself this allows for smooth and coordinated mvmt to take place if the appropriate give and take occurs
what are mechanoreceptors
specialized nerve endings that deform in response to pressure by registering the speed and amount of deformation and indicate the position and mvmt of their associated structures
where are pacinian corpuscle located
skin, CT, muscles and tendons
what triggers pacinian corpuscle and how does it respond
vibration and deep pressure thus allowing to indicate the direction and speed of the body mvmt
where are rufini corpuscle loacted
in the joint capsule
what triggers ruffini corpuscle and how does it respond to the trigger
distortion of joint capsule will allow to indicate the position of the joint in space even w/ eyes closed
what is included in the maintenance of postural equilibrium
sensory detection of body motions
integration of sensorimotor info w/in the CNS
execution of appropriate MSK responses (inhibit or contract)
