The shoulder and arms (A)

Question 1

What are the two main processes coming off the scapula?

Answer 1

Coracoid process Acromion process

Question 2

What are the differences between the anatomical and surgical necks of the humerus?

Answer 2

Anatomical – between the head of the humerus and everything else

Surgical – the main narrowing of the distal humerus – it is the most common site for fractures of the humerus

Question 3

What are the three fossae of the scapula?

Answer 3

Supraspinous Infraspinous Subscapular

Question 4

Which part of the scapula articulates with the humerus?

Answer 4

Glenoid cavity

Question 5

On which bones are deltoid tubercles found?

Answer 5

Spine of the scapula (deltoid tubercle of spine of scapula) - where rear delt attaches)

Humerus (deltoid tuberosity of humerus)

Clavicle (deltoid tubercle of clavicle) -front delt attachment

Tuberosities are just bigger versions of tubercles. (both are lumps)

Question 6

What is the name given to the distinctive notch on the scapula?

Answer 6

Suprascapular notch

Not to be confused with the great scapular notch

Question 7

What is the name given to the groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

Answer 7

Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

Question 8

What are the two distinctive protrusions on the lateral third of the clavicle and what are their roles?

Answer 8

Conoid tubercle

Trapezoid line

They are the point of attachment of the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament (both part of the coracoclavicular ligament)

Question 9

What are the names of the three fossae at the distal end of the humerus?

Answer 9

Anterior – coronoid and radial fossae

Posterior – olecranon fossa ole= elbow, cranon=head so elobow head

Question 10

What are the names given to the two ridges on either side of the distal end of the humerus?

Answer 10

Medial supracondylar ridge (of the medial epicondyle)

Lateral supracondylar ridge (of the lateral condyle)

The whole ‘end’ of the bone that is involved in articulation is called the condyle. Epicondyles are the two protrubrances on either side of the condyles (they are part of the condyle)

Question 11

What are the five muscle compartments of the region in this lecture?

Answer 11

Anterior pectoral muscles

Posterior pectoral muscles

Intrinsic shoulder muscles

Anterior compartment of arm (NOT forearm)

Posterior compartment of arm

Question 12

Which muscles make up the anterior pectoral compartment?

Answer 12

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Subclavius

NB serratus anterior runs from the posterior to anterior so is sort of under this category

Question 13

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

Answer 13

Proximal attachement: Medial 1/2 of the clavicle + sternum/costal cartilages + part of costal margin

Distal attachment: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

Question 14

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

Answer 14

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus

Question 15

Which nerve innervates pectoralis major?

Answer 15

Lateral pectoral nerve

Question 16

What are the attachments of pectoralis minor?

Answer 16

Ribs 2-5 Coracoid process

Question 17

Which nerve innervates pectoralis minor?

Answer 17

Medial pectoral nerve

Question 18

What are the attachments of subclavius?

Answer 18

1st costochondral joint Clavicle

Question 19

Which nerve innervates subclavius?

Answer 19

Subclavian nerve

Question 20

What are the attachments of serratus anterior?

Answer 20

Medial border of the costal surface of the scapula Anteriorly attaches to the ribs (1-9)

Question 21

Which nerve innervates serratus anterior?

Answer 21

Long-thoracic nerve

Question 22

What can damage to this nerve cause?

Answer 22

Winging of the scapula

This is when the medial border of the scapula protrudes out like a pair of wings

see Athlean video in ppt

Question 23

Which muscles make up the posterior pectoral compartment?

Answer 23

Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboids (minor and major)

Question 24

What is the motor supply to trapezius?

Answer 24

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 25

Describe the attachments of latissimus dorsi.

Answer 25

Thoracolumbar fascia and posterior 1/3 of the iliac crest

to Floor of the intertubercular sulcus

Question 26

Which nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?

Answer 26

Thoraco-dorsal nerve

Question 27

What movement is latissimus dorsi responsible for?

Answer 27

Extends, adducts and rotates the humerus; pulls the body up to the arms during climbing. Also important in rowing.

Question 28

Describe the attachments of the rhomboids.

Answer 28

Both attach distally to the medial border of the scapula Rhomboid minor attaches proximally to the spinous processes of C7 and T1 Rhomboid major attaches proximally to the spinous processes of T2-T5

Question 29

Which nerve supplies the rhomboids?

Answer 29

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 30

What movement are the rhomboids responsible for?

Answer 30

Retracts, rotates and fixes the scapula

Question 31

Describe the attachments of levator scapulae.

Answer 31

Attaches proximally to the transverse processes of C1-C4
Attaches distally to the superior angle of the scapula

Question 32

Which nerve innervates levator scapulae?

Answer 32

Dorsal scapular nerve (and C3 + C4)

Question 33

What movements are levator scapulae responsible for?

Answer 33

Elevates and rotates the scapula