The shoulder and arms (A) Flashcards
What are the two main processes coming off the scapula?
Coracoid process Acromion process
What are the differences between the anatomical and surgical necks of the humerus?
Anatomical – between the head of the humerus and everything else
Surgical – the main narrowing of the distal humerus – it is the most common site for fractures of the humerus
What are the three fossae of the scapula?
Supraspinous Infraspinous Subscapular
Which part of the scapula articulates with the humerus?
Glenoid cavity
On which bones are deltoid tubercles found?
Spine of the scapula (deltoid tubercle of spine of scapula) - where rear delt attaches)
Humerus (deltoid tuberosity of humerus)
Clavicle (deltoid tubercle of clavicle) -front delt attachment
Tuberosities are just bigger versions of tubercles. (both are lumps)
What is the name given to the distinctive notch on the scapula?
Suprascapular notch
Not to be confused with the great scapular notch
What is the name given to the groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?
Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
What are the two distinctive protrusions on the lateral third of the clavicle and what are their roles?
Conoid tubercle
Trapezoid line
They are the point of attachment of the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament (both part of the coracoclavicular ligament)
What are the names of the three fossae at the distal end of the humerus?
Anterior – coronoid and radial fossae
Posterior – olecranon fossa ole= elbow, cranon=head so elobow head
What are the names given to the two ridges on either side of the distal end of the humerus?
Medial supracondylar ridge (of the medial epicondyle)
Lateral supracondylar ridge (of the lateral condyle)
The whole ‘end’ of the bone that is involved in articulation is called the condyle. Epicondyles are the two protrubrances on either side of the condyles (they are part of the condyle)
What are the five muscle compartments of the region in this lecture?
Anterior pectoral muscles
Posterior pectoral muscles
Intrinsic shoulder muscles
Anterior compartment of arm (NOT forearm)
Posterior compartment of arm
Which muscles make up the anterior pectoral compartment?
Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Subclavius
NB serratus anterior runs from the posterior to anterior so is sort of under this category
What are the attachments of pectoralis major?
Proximal attachement: Medial 1/2 of the clavicle + sternum/costal cartilages + part of costal margin
Distal attachment: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus
What are the actions of pectoralis major?
Adducts and medially rotates the humerus
Which nerve innervates pectoralis major?
Lateral pectoral nerve
What are the attachments of pectoralis minor?
Ribs 2-5 Coracoid process
Which nerve innervates pectoralis minor?
Medial pectoral nerve
What are the attachments of subclavius?
1st costochondral joint Clavicle
Which nerve innervates subclavius?
Subclavian nerve
What are the attachments of serratus anterior?
Medial border of the costal surface of the scapula Anteriorly attaches to the ribs (1-9)
Which nerve innervates serratus anterior?
Long-thoracic nerve
What can damage to this nerve cause?
Winging of the scapula
This is when the medial border of the scapula protrudes out like a pair of wings
see Athlean video in ppt
Which muscles make up the posterior pectoral compartment?
Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboids (minor and major)
What is the motor supply to trapezius?
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Describe the attachments of latissimus dorsi.
Thoracolumbar fascia and posterior 1/3 of the iliac crest
to Floor of the intertubercular sulcus
Which nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?
Thoraco-dorsal nerve
What movement is latissimus dorsi responsible for?
Extends, adducts and rotates the humerus; pulls the body up to the arms during climbing. Also important in rowing.
Describe the attachments of the rhomboids.
Both attach distally to the medial border of the scapula Rhomboid minor attaches proximally to the spinous processes of C7 and T1 Rhomboid major attaches proximally to the spinous processes of T2-T5
Which nerve supplies the rhomboids?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What movement are the rhomboids responsible for?
Retracts, rotates and fixes the scapula
Describe the attachments of levator scapulae.
Attaches proximally to the transverse processes of C1-C4
Attaches distally to the superior angle of the scapula
Which nerve innervates levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular nerve (and C3 + C4)
What movements are levator scapulae responsible for?
Elevates and rotates the scapula
