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Y2 LCRS Limbs Anatomy Fwong > Hip, buttock and thigh (A) > Flashcards

Hip, buttock and thigh (A) Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the lower limb during development?

A

It twists during develop and you get a permanent pronation at the mid-thigh level

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2
Q

What specific words are given to the flexion and extension of the foot?

A

Dorsiflexion (pointing toes up)

Plantarflexion (pointing toes down)

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the pelvis (hip bone)?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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4
Q

What marks the ends of the iliac crest?

A

ASIS and PSIS

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5
Q

What is the name given to the surface of the hipbone that articulates with the sacrum?

A

Auricular Surface

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6
Q

What lies in between the greater and lesser trochanters?

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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7
Q

What short ridge is found just inferior to the lesser trochanter?

A

Gluteal tuberosity (at the back of femur, gluteus maximus attachment)

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8
Q

A longer ridge downwards along the shaft of the humerus and originates from the short ridge below the lesser trochanter (pectineal line) . What is this long ridge called?

A

Linea aspera

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9
Q

Which tubercle is found just superior to the medial epicondyle?

A

Adductor tubercle (attachment for adductor magnus)

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10
Q

What is the anterior protrusion between the ilium and the pubis called?

A

Iliopubic eminence

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11
Q

What are the two notable parts of the ischium onto which ligaments attach?

A

Tuberosity and spine

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12
Q

Which pelvic bones make up the acetabulum?

A

All three of them (ilium, ischium and pubis)

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13
Q

What notches are present on the posterior aspect of the pelvis?

A

Greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch

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14
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

The angle that the long axis of the shaft makes with the long axis of the head and neck

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15
Q

What determines the size of the angle between the long axis of the shaft and the vertical plane?

A

The width of the hips

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16
Q

What structures form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

17
Q

What are the two fascia found in the thigh?

A

Superficial fascia – e.g. subcutaneous tissue

Deep fascia – fascia lata

18
Q

What is the name given to the lateral thickened area of the fascia lata?

A

Ilio-tibial tract

19
Q

What are the four compartments of this region?

A

Gluteal compartment
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Medial compartment of the thigh
Posterior compartment of the thigh

20
Q

What movements are the muscles of the gluteal region responsible for?

A

Extension, abduction and external rotation of the femur

21
Q

What are the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
(tensor fasciae latae – this is neurologically a gluteal muscle (innervated by superior gluteal nerve) but functionally it is more of an anterior compartment muscle)

22
Q

What are the short external rotators of the hip?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
Gemelli (superior and inferior)

23
Q

Describe the attachments of gluteus maximus.

A

Proximal – posterior part of the iliac crest and thick fascia of the sacrum and coccyx
Distal – gluteal tuberosity and ilio-tibial tract

24
Q

What proportion of the gluteus maximum fibres attach to the gluteal tuberosity?

A

About 25% attach to the gluteal tuberosity and the rest are attached to the ilio-tibial tract

25
Q

What does the ilio-tibial tract insert into?

A

Anterolateral tubercle of the tibia
NOTE: there is a lateral intermuscular septum that goes between the iliotibial tract and the posterior surface of the femur

26
Q

Describe the attachments of gluteus medius.

A

Proximal – broad attachment to the external surface of the ilium (between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
Distal – greater trochanter

27
Q

Describe the attachments of gluteus minimus.

A

Proximal – broad attachment to the external surface of the ilium (between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines)
Distal – just below the greater trochanter

28
Q

What movement are gluteus medius and gluteus minimus responsible for?

A

Abduction

29
Q

What movement are the deep muscles of the gluteal region responsible for?

A

External rotation

30
Q

Describe the attachments of tensor fasciae latae.

A

Proximal – ASIS

Distal – ilio-tibial tract

31
Q

Which compartment is tensor fasciae latae in?

A

Neurologically it is more like a gluteal compartment muscle because it is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
In terms of action, it is a flexor of the hip so it functions more like an anterior compartment muscle

32
Q

Describe the attachments of obturator internus.

A

Rim of the obturator foramen

Greater trochanter of the femur

33
Q

What movement are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh responsible for?

A

Hip flexion

Knee extension

34
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A 
Tensor fasciae latae
Pectineus
Ilio-psoas
Sartorius
Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis)
35
Q

What is the most powerful flexor of the hip?

A

Ilio-psoas

36
Q

Describe the attachments of Ilio-psoas.

A

Psoas major attaches to the lateral parts of the lumbar vertebrae and T12 and Iliacus attaches to the iliac fossa and crest
The two muscles then come together to form a common tendon that attaches to the lesser trochanter

37
Q

Describe the attachments of Sartorius. What movement is it responsible for?

A

Sartorius comes off ASIS and descends inferiorly and medially. It crosses the knee and attaches to the upper part of the shaft of the tibia

38
Q

Describe the arrangement of the quadriceps muscles.

A

Rectus femoris is most superficial with vastus medialis and vastus lateralis on either side of rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius is deep to rectus femoris

39
Q

Where do the quadriceps attach distally?

A

They come together to form a quadriceps tendon, which attaches to the patella
There is a patellar tendon between the patella and the tibial tuberosity on the anterior of the tibia
The patellar tendon is part of the quadriceps tendon with the patella in between as a sesamoid bone

Y2 LCRS Limbs Anatomy Fwong (13 decks)

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