Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 LCRS Limbs Anatomy Fwong > The hand (B) > Flashcards

The hand (B) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of pulley that hold the tendons down to the bone?

A

Annular and Cruciform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the posterior tendinous anatomy of the hand.

A

You get the extensor retinaculum followed by synovial tendon sheaths and intertendinous bands
At the end of the long extensors there are extensor expansions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which muscles attach to the extensor expansions?

A

Lumbricals and some interossei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two fibrous capsules found at the wrist joint?

A

Radio-carpal joint

Distal radio-ulnar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which two ligaments are found on the radial and ulnar sides of the wrist?

A

Radial Collateral Ligament

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which muscles are important for the following wrist movements:

Flexion
Extension
radial deviation
ulnar deviation

A

Flexion:
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
(and the long flexors of the thumb and fingers + palmaris longus and abductor pollicis longus)

Extension:
Extensor carpi radialis longus 
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor carpi ulnaris 
(and long extensors of the thumb and fingers)
Radial Deviation:
Flexor carpi radialis 
Extensor carpi radialis longus 
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Abductor pollicis longus

Ulnar Deviation:
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name given to the joint between the two rows of carpal bones?

A

Midcarpal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which carpal bone does the thumb metacarpal articulate with?

A

Trapezium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What movements are the metacarpophalangeal joints capable of?

A

Flexion and extension

Abduction and adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What ligament prevents hyperextension of the interphalangeal joints?

A

Palmar plates (AKA volar plates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which ligaments prevent abduction and adduction of the interphalangeal joints?

A

Collateral ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two main arteries of the hand and what do they divide into?

A

Ulnar Artery:

  • found beside the flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Interosseous arteries of the forearm (ulnar gives off common interosseous artery in forearm)
  • main contributor of Superficial palmar arch (and a small contribution to deep palmar arch via its deep palmar branch)
  • palmar digital arteries (from superficial palmar arch)

Radial Artery:

  • under brachioradialis and beside flexor carpi radialis in the wrist
  • Found in the anatomical snuff box
  • main contributor of Deep palmar arch and small contribution to superficial palmar arch via its superficial palmar branch
  • Palmar metacarpal arteries (from the deep palmar arch)

NB palmar metacarpal arteries and palmar digital arteries anastomose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries a branch of?

A

Ulnar Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the arch on the dorsal side of the hand called?

A

Dorsal carpal arch - source is from both radial and ulnar arteries: anastomosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What arteries come off the palmar arches?

What arteries come off the dorsal carpal arch?

A

Superficial palmar arches gives off Common palmar digital arteries which then give off the Proper palmar digital arteries. The deep palmar arch gives off the palmar metacarpal arteries which join/anastomose with the common palmar digital arteries before it gives off the proper palmar digital arteries

Dorsal carpal arch itself arises from both radial and ulnar artery anastomosis. It first gives off dorsal metacarpal arteries which then becomes the dorsal digital arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do you find anastomoses in the hand?

A

Between the dorsal and palmar digital arteries

The arches and plexuses are also places of anastomoses between the radial and ulnar arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two main superficial veins of the arm?

A

Cephalic and Basilic

18
Q

What happens to the basilic and cephalic veins as they pass into the ARM?

A

The basilic vein dives deep to form the axillary artery (by joining with the brachial vein venae comitantes of brachial artery)
The cephalic artery joins the axillary artery higher up

19
Q

At what point does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein?

A

As it passes over the first rib

20
Q

What pattern do the deep veins from the hand follow?

A

They pass in the opposite direction to the arteries

21
Q

What vein links the cephalic and basilic vein in the cubital fossa?

A

Median cubital vein

22
Q

Which spinal nerves contribute to the:

A

Ulnar Nerve : C8-T1
Median Nerve: C6-T1
Radial Nerve: C5-T1

23
Q

What is the main motor nerve of the hand?

A

Ulnar nerve

24
Q

What is the radial nerve responsible for in the hand?

A

Sensory innervation of the lateral half of the dorsum of the hand

25
Q

What type of nerve are the digital nerves?

A

They are purely sensory because the motor innervation to the muscles controlling the fingers happens more proximally

26
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus tendon
Median nerve

27
Q

Where does the median nerve lie relative to the forearm muscles at the wrist?

A

In between FDP and FDS

Deep to PL

28
Q

What intrinsic hand muscles does the median nerve provide motor supply to?

A 
LOAF
Lumbricals (1 and 2) 
Opponens pollicis 
Abductor pollicis brevis 
Flexor pollicis brevis
29
Q

What does the median nerve provide sensory supply to?

A 
Palmar surface of thumb
Index finger 
Middle finger 
Half of the ring finger 
Some of the dorsal surface of those digits
30
Q

Describe the position of the ulnar nerve at the wrist.

A

It lies by flexor carpi ulnaris

It runs over the flexor retinaculum, lateral to the pisiform

31
Q

What are the two branches of the ulnar nerve in the hand and what are their roles?

A

Superficial branch sensory to:
Little finger and medial half of right finger

Deep branch motor to:
Hypothenar muscles 
Adductor pollicis 
Lumbricals 3 and 4 
All the interossei 
(In other words: all the muscles except LOAF)
32
Q

The radial nerve divides into two branches just above the elbow. What are the two branches of the radial nerve?

A

Superficial radial nerve (sensory)

Posterior interosseous nerve (motor)

33
Q

Which part of the hand does the radial nerve supply sensory innervation to?

A

Dorsum of the hand (mainly thumb, index finger and middle finger)

34
Q

What sensory branches does the median nerve give off before passing under the flexor retinaculum?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch

Dorsal branch

35
Q

What branches do the superficial radial nerve and dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve split into?

A

Dorsal digital nerves/branches

36
Q

What are the bony attachments of the carpal tunnel that forms a gutter?

A

Scaphoid
Trapezium
Pisiform
Hamate

37
Q

What is the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

38
Q

Through which canal do the ulnar nerve and artery pass through?

A

Guyon’s Canal

39
Q

What are the three different types of grip and which muscles are involved in each type?

A

Power Grip:
Long flexors of the fingers and thumb
Intrinsic muscles of the palm
Extensors of the wrist joint

Precision Grip:
The wrist and fingers are held rigidly by the long flexors and extensors
The intrinsic muscles of the hand carry out the fine movements needed

Hook Grip:
Consumes little energy
Mainly involves long flexors of the digits (e.g. carrying shopping bag or briefcase)

40
Q

What wrist movement do you need to achieve full flexion of the fingers and why?

A

The flexors have to be slightly longer than need be to allow the wrist and fingers to fully extend
This means that to get full flexion you need to extend the wrist to shorten the flexors so that they can fully flex
This is why you can more easily take something from someone’s grip if you flex the wrist to loosen the grip

Y2 LCRS Limbs Anatomy Fwong (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions