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Y2 LCRS Limbs Anatomy Fwong > Elbow, forearm and wrist A > Flashcards

Elbow, forearm and wrist A Flashcards

1
Q

Name the carpal bones.

A

1st row – scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

2nd row – hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

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2
Q

What are the two articular surfaces of the distal humerus and what do they articulate with?

A

Capitulum – articulates with the head of the radius

Trochlea – articulates with the head of the ulna

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3
Q

What is the importance of the epicondyles of the humerus?

A

They are important sites of attachment of forearm muscles

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4
Q

Which fossae are present on the anterior side of the distal humerus?

A 
Radial fossa
Coronoid fossa (the coronoid process of the ulna slots in here when the elbow is flexed)
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5
Q

Which fossa is present on the posterior side of the distal humerus?

A

Olecranon fossa – the olecranon process of the ulna slots in here when the elbow is extended

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6
Q

Where are tuberosities found near the elbow joint?

A

Radial tuberosity

Ulnar tuberosity

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7
Q

What are the two ridges running down the anterior and posterior of the radius?

A

Anterior oblique line

Posterior oblique line

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8
Q

What does the distal end of the ulna articulate with

A

An articular disc (not with carpal bones)

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9
Q

What does the distal end of the radius articulate with?

A

Scaphoid and lunate

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10
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm?

A

Interosseous membrane

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11
Q

Which carpal bone is a sesamoid bone and which muscle tendon is it enclosed in?

A

Pisiform

It is within the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

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12
Q

What is the distal attachment of biceps brachii?

A

Radial tuberosity

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13
Q

What is the distal attachment of brachialis?

A

Coronoid process of ulna

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14
Q

What is the distal attachment of triceps?

A

Olecranon process

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15
Q

Which compartment are the pronators and supinators in?

A

Pronators – anterior

Supinators – posterior

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16
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
Pronator teres 
Flexor carpi radialis 
Palmaris longus 
Flexor digitorum superficialis 
Flexor carpi ulnaris
17
Q

Which muscles are in the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

18
Q

What is the common flexor origin?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus – this is where the common flexor tendon is which is where most of the anterior compartment muscles (particularly the superficial muscles) originate

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
Flexor digitorum superficialis
19
Q

Which of the superficial anterior compartment muscles do not cross the wrist?

A

Pronator teres

20
Q

Describe the attachments of pronator quadratus.

A

It is attached between the distal ends of ulna and radius

21
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

22
Q

Which tendon is continuous with the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Palmaris longus tendon
NOTE: palmaris longus tendon isn’t present in everyone and before it spreads to form the palmar aponeurosis, it is attached to the flexor retinaculum

23
Q

Name all the muscles in the extensor compartment of the forearm.

A 
Muscles that move the wrist:
Extensor carpi radialis longus 
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor carpi ulnaris 
Muscles that move the fingers:
Extensor indicis 
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Muscles that move the thumb:
Abductor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis brevis 
Others:
Brachioradialis 
Supinator
24
Q

Where is the common extensor origin?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

25
Q

What can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid (this is often fractured when trying to break a fall)

26
Q

Which tendons mark the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Lateral – Extensor Pollicis Brevis + Abductor Pollicis Longus
Medially – Extensor Pollicis Longus

27
Q

Which blood vessel is present in the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Branch of the radial artery

28
Q

What does the head of the radius articulate with?

A

Capitulum

29
Q

What are the main ligaments found at the elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Anular ligament

30
Q

What are the three parts of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

Anterior band
Posterior band
Oblique band

31
Q

What is the role of the anular ligament?

A

It goes around just under the head of the radius and it helps hold the radius in place
It allows the radius to rotate

32
Q

Describe the difference in carrying angle between genders.

A

Men – 10-15 degrees

Women - > 15 degrees

Y2 LCRS Limbs Anatomy Fwong (13 decks)

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