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Y2 LCRS Limbs Anatomy Fwong > The knee, leg, ankle, and foot (B) > Flashcards

The knee, leg, ankle, and foot (B) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the arrangement of muscles in the sole of the foot.

A

There are 4 layers of muscles

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2
Q

Describe the arrangement of muscles in the dorsum of the foot.

A

There are 2 muscles

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3
Q

Which nerve supplies extensor digitorum brevis?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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4
Q

Which nerves supply the majority of intrinsic foot muscles?

A

The tibial nerve via the medial and lateral plantar nerves

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5
Q

Which muscles are found in layer 1 of the sole?

A

Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis

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6
Q

Which muscles are found in layer 2 of the sole?

A

Lumbricals

Quadratus plantae

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7
Q

Which muscles are found in layer 3 of the sole?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor hallucis

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8
Q

Which muscles are found in layer 4 of the sole?

A

plantar interossei

Dorsal interossei

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9
Q

Which tendon are the lumbricals and quadratus plantae attached to?

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

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10
Q

What are the two muscles on the dorsal surface of the foot?

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum brevis

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A 
Superior lateral – biceps femoris
Superior medial – semimembranosus 
Inferior – medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
Floor – femur 
Roof – skin and fascia
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12
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery and vein
Common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve
Short saphenous vein
Popliteal lymph nodes

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13
Q

Where does the short saphenous vein drain?

A

Into the popliteal vein

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14
Q

What does the sural nerve come off?

Name a use of this nerve

A

It is formed from a branch of the tibial nerve (medial cutaneous sural nerve) and a smaller branch of the common peroneal nerve (sural communicating branch)
Can be used in nerve repair

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15
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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16
Q

What part of the femur does the patella articulate with?

A

Intercondylar region of the femur

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17
Q

What are the two articulations between the femur and the tibia?

A

Medial and lateral femorotibial articulations

18
Q

Which sides of the intercondylar fossa do the cruciate ligaments attach to?

A

Anterior cruciate – lateral

Posterior cruciate – medial

19
Q

What is the main difference between the medial and lateral menisci?

A

The medial collateral ligament is attached to the medial meniscus
The lateral meniscus is separate to the lateral collateral ligament

20
Q

Name the bursae that are found around the knee.

A

Pre-patellar bursa

Popliteal bursa

21
Q

What is the main difference between the proximal tibiofibular joint and the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Proximal tibiofibular – synovial joint
Distal tibiofibular – fibrous joint
NOTE: they both move slightly during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot

22
Q

Which ligaments are most commonly damaged in the ankle?

A 
Most commonly damaged by over-inversion
Lateral ligaments:
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular 
Calcaneofibular
23
Q

Name a broad ligament on the medial side of the ankle that is rarely damaged.

A

Deltoid Ligament

aka tibiocalcaneal ligament. This is rarely damaged probably because its quite tough

24
Q

What larger joint is the talo-calcaneonavicular joint a part of?

A

Transverse tarsal joint (aka mid-tarsal joint)

25
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A

Lateral longitudinal arch
Medial longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

26
Q

What structures help maintain these arches?

A

Ligaments and long tendons

27
Q

Which vessel do the circumflex femoral arteries come from?

A

Profunda femoris

28
Q

What is the popliteal trifurcation?

A

Division of the popliteal artery into the:
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Peroneal artery

29
Q

What are the two main arteries of the foot and which parts of the foot do they supply?

A 
Dorsalis pedis (from ATA) – dorsal part of the foot and digits 
Posterior tibial artery – sole of the foot (via the medial and lateral plantar arteries)

NB tibial nerve splits into medial and lateral plantar nerves too

30
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery have to go through to access the anterior compartment?

A

Interosseous membrane

31
Q

What is the arch shaped artery on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Arcuate artery

32
Q

Which small arteries supply the digits?

A

Dorsal and plantar digital arteries

33
Q

What are the main superficial veins draining the foot and leg?

A

Long saphenous vein (from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch, going the medial malleolus and along the medial side of the leg and thigh and drains into the femoral vein)
Short saphenous vein (from the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch, going behind the lateral malleolus)

34
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein drain?

A

It passes along the medial side of the leg and it drains into the femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction

35
Q

Where does the short saphenous vein drain?

A

It drains into the popliteal vein

36
Q 
State the motor nerve supply for:
Hip Flexors 
Hip Extensors 
Knee Extensors 
Knee Flexors 
Ankle Dorsiflexors 
Ankle Plantarflexors
A 
Hip Flexors: L23
Hip Extensors: L45
Knee Extensors: L34
Knee Flexors: L5S1
Ankle Dorsiflexors: L45
Ankle Plantarflexors: S12
37
Q

What is a good way of remembering some of the sensory segmental supply?

A

L3 to the knee
L4 to the floor
L5 to the great toe
S1 to the lateral side and sole of the foot

38
Q

What does the tibial nerve divide into is it passes behind the medial malleolus?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

39
Q

The tibial nerve supplies all intrinsic foot muscles except one. Name this muscle.

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

40
Q

What is the sural nerve made up of?

A

A branch of the tibial nerve (medial sural cutaneous nerve) and a smaller branch of the common peroneal nerve (sural communicating branch)
NOTE: it can be used in nerve repair

Y2 LCRS Limbs Anatomy Fwong (13 decks)

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