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Functional Anatomy > The Shoulder > Flashcards

The Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) abducts?

A

Elevation and upward rotation

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2
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) adducts?

A

Downward rotation

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3
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) flexes?

A

Elevation and upward rotation

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4
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) extends?

A

Depression and downward rotation

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5
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) internally rotates?

A

Abduction (protraction)

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6
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) externally rotates?

A

Adduction (retraction)

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7
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) horizontally abducts?

A

Adduction (retraction)

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8
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) horizontally adducts?

A

Abduction (protraction)

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9
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) diagonally abducts?

A

Adduction (retraction), upward rotation and elevation

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10
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) diagonally adducts?

A

Abduction (protraction), depression and downward rotation

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11
Q

What is the functional classification of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Enarthrodial/ball and socket

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12
Q

What are the range of movements at the glenohumeral joint?

A

• Abduction - 90º

• Adduction - 0º or 75º anterior to the trunk

• Extension - 45-60º

• Flexion - 90-100º

• Internal rotation - 70-90º

• External rotation - 70-90

• Horizontal abduction - 45º

• Horizontal adduction - 135º

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13
Q

What are the ranges of movement of the shoulder if the shoulder girdle is free to move?

A

• Abduction - 170-180º

• Flexion - 170-180º

• Horizontal adduction - 140-150º

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14
Q

Which muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Subscapularis, suprasinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor

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15
Q

Which bones make up the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle, scapula, sternum and humerus

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16
Q

Where is the origin of pectoralis major?

A

• Clavicular head - medial half of anterior surface of clavicle

• Sternocostal head - anterior surface of costal cartilages of first six ribs, and adjoining portion of sternum

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17
Q

Where is the insertion of pectoralis major?

A

• Clavicular head - flat tendon 2-3 inches wide to lateral lip of intertubercular groove of hermus

• Sternocostal head - flat tendon 2-3 inches wide to lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

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18
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A

• Internal rotation

• Horizontal adduction

• Diagonal adduction

• Flexion (clavicular head)

• Abduction (clavicular head)

• Extension from flexed position (sternocostal head)

• Adduction (sternocostal head)

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19
Q

What nerves innervates pectoralis major?

A

• Clavicular head - Lateral pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7)

• Sternocostal head - Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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20
Q

Where is the origin of subscapularis?

A

Entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa

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21
Q

Where is the insertion of subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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22
Q

What are the actions of subscapularis?

A

• Inernal rotation

• Adduction

• Extension

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23
Q

What nerve innervates subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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24
Q

Where is the origin of coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

25
Where is the insertion of coracobrachialis?
Middle of medial border of humeral shaft
26
What are the actions of coracobrachialis?
• Horizontal adduction • Diagonal adduction • Flexion • Adduction
27
What nerve innervates coracobrachialis?
Musculotaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
28
Where is the origin of the anterior deltoid fibres?
Anterior lateral third of clavicle
29
Where is the origin of the middle deltoid fibres?
Lateral aspect of acromion
30
Where is the origin of the posterior deltoid fibres?
Inferior edge of spine of scapula
31
Where is the insertion of deltoids?
Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus
32
What are the functions of the anterior deltoid fibres?
• Abduction • Flexion • Horizontal adduction • Internal rotation • Diagonal adduction
33
What are the functions of the middle deltoid fibres?
• Abduction • Horizontal abduction
34
What are the functions of the posterior deltoid fibres?
• Abduction • Extension • Horizontal abduction • External rotation • Diagonal abduction
35
What nerve innervates deltoids?
Axilary nerve (C5, C6)
36
Where is the origin of supraspinatus?
Medial two-thirds of supraspinous fossa
37
Where is the insertion of supraspinatus?
Superiority on greater tubercle of humerus
38
What is the action of supraspinatus?
Abduction
39
What nerve innervates supraspinatus?
Suprascapula nerve (C5)
40
Where is the origin of latissimus dorsi?
Posterior crest of ilium, back of sacrum and spinous processes of lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae, slips from lower three ribs
41
Where is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?
Medial side of intertubercular groove of humerus, just anterior to the insertion of the teres major
42
What are the actions of latissimus dorsi?
• Extension • Adduciton • Internal rotation • Horizontal abduction
43
What nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal (C6, C7, C8)
44
Where is the origin of teres major?
Posteriorly on inferior third of lateral border of scapula just superior to inferior angle
45
Where is the insertion of teres major?
Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus, just posterior to the insertion of latissimus dorsi
46
What are the actions of teres major?
• Extension • Adduction • Internal rotation
47
What nerve innervates teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
48
Where is the origin of infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa just below spine of scapula
49
Where is the insertion of infraspinatus?
Posteriorly on greater tubercle of humerus
50
What are the actions of infraspinatus?
• External rotation • Horizontal abduction • Extension • Diagonal abduction
51
What nerve innervates infraspinatus?
Suprascapula nerve (C5, C6)
52
Where is the origin of teres minor?
Posteriorly on upper and middle aspect of lateral border of scapula just superior
53
Where is the insertion of teres minor?
Posteriorly on greater tubercle of humerus
54
What are the actions of teres minor?
• External rotation • Horizontal abduction • Extension • Diagonal abduction
55
What nerve innervates teres minor?
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
56
What happens (in regards to arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint) in abduction/adduction and medial/lateral rotation?
• Roll in the direction of the movement • Slide in the opposite direction
57
What happens (in regards to arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint) in pure flexion/extension?
Spins around the axis perpendicular to the joint
58
What are the three true joints of the shoulder girdle?
• Sternoclavicular joint (saddle) • Acromioclavicular joint (plane) • Glenohumeral joint (ball and socket)
59
When is the shoulder in an open packed position?
When fully abducted with external rotation

Functional Anatomy (6 decks)

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