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Functional Anatomy > The Shoulder > Flashcards

The Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) abducts?

A

Elevation and upward rotation

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2
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) adducts?

A

Downward rotation

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3
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) flexes?

A

Elevation and upward rotation

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4
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) extends?

A

Depression and downward rotation

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5
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) internally rotates?

A

Abduction (protraction)

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6
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) externally rotates?

A

Adduction (retraction)

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7
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) horizontally abducts?

A

Adduction (retraction)

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8
Q

Which movement at the shoulder girdle occurs when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) horizontally adducts?

A

Abduction (protraction)

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9
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) diagonally abducts?

A

Adduction (retraction), upward rotation and elevation

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10
Q

Which movements at the shoulder girdle occur when the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) diagonally adducts?

A

Abduction (protraction), depression and downward rotation

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11
Q

What is the functional classification of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Enarthrodial/ball and socket

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12
Q

What are the range of movements at the glenohumeral joint?

A

• Abduction - 90º

• Adduction - 0º or 75º anterior to the trunk

• Extension - 45-60º

• Flexion - 90-100º

• Internal rotation - 70-90º

• External rotation - 70-90

• Horizontal abduction - 45º

• Horizontal adduction - 135º

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13
Q

What are the ranges of movement of the shoulder if the shoulder girdle is free to move?

A

• Abduction - 170-180º

• Flexion - 170-180º

• Horizontal adduction - 140-150º

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14
Q

Which muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Subscapularis, suprasinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor

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15
Q

Which bones make up the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle, scapula, sternum and humerus

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16
Q

Where is the origin of pectoralis major?

A

• Clavicular head - medial half of anterior surface of clavicle

• Sternocostal head - anterior surface of costal cartilages of first six ribs, and adjoining portion of sternum

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17
Q

Where is the insertion of pectoralis major?

A

• Clavicular head - flat tendon 2-3 inches wide to lateral lip of intertubercular groove of hermus

• Sternocostal head - flat tendon 2-3 inches wide to lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

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18
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A

• Internal rotation

• Horizontal adduction

• Diagonal adduction

• Flexion (clavicular head)

• Abduction (clavicular head)

• Extension from flexed position (sternocostal head)

• Adduction (sternocostal head)

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19
Q

What nerves innervates pectoralis major?

A

• Clavicular head - Lateral pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7)

• Sternocostal head - Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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20
Q

Where is the origin of subscapularis?

A

Entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa

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21
Q

Where is the insertion of subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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22
Q

What are the actions of subscapularis?

A

• Inernal rotation

• Adduction

• Extension

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23
Q

What nerve innervates subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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24
Q

Where is the origin of coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

25
Q

Where is the insertion of coracobrachialis?

A

Middle of medial border of humeral shaft

26
Q

What are the actions of coracobrachialis?

A

• Horizontal adduction

• Diagonal adduction

• Flexion

• Adduction

27
Q

What nerve innervates coracobrachialis?

A

Musculotaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

28
Q

Where is the origin of the anterior deltoid fibres?

A

Anterior lateral third of clavicle

29
Q

Where is the origin of the middle deltoid fibres?

A

Lateral aspect of acromion

30
Q

Where is the origin of the posterior deltoid fibres?

A

Inferior edge of spine of scapula

31
Q

Where is the insertion of deltoids?

A

Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus

32
Q

What are the functions of the anterior deltoid fibres?

A

• Abduction

• Flexion

• Horizontal adduction

• Internal rotation

• Diagonal adduction

33
Q

What are the functions of the middle deltoid fibres?

A

• Abduction

• Horizontal abduction

34
Q

What are the functions of the posterior deltoid fibres?

A

• Abduction

• Extension

• Horizontal abduction

• External rotation

• Diagonal abduction

35
Q

What nerve innervates deltoids?

A

Axilary nerve (C5, C6)

36
Q

Where is the origin of supraspinatus?

A

Medial two-thirds of supraspinous fossa

37
Q

Where is the insertion of supraspinatus?

A

Superiority on greater tubercle of humerus

38
Q

What is the action of supraspinatus?

A

Abduction

39
Q

What nerve innervates supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapula nerve (C5)

40
Q

Where is the origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

Posterior crest of ilium, back of sacrum and spinous processes of lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae, slips from lower three ribs

41
Q

Where is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Medial side of intertubercular groove of humerus, just anterior to the insertion of the teres major

42
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

• Extension

• Adduciton

• Internal rotation

• Horizontal abduction

43
Q

What nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal (C6, C7, C8)

44
Q

Where is the origin of teres major?

A

Posteriorly on inferior third of lateral border of scapula just superior to inferior angle

45
Q

Where is the insertion of teres major?

A

Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus, just posterior to the insertion of latissimus dorsi

46
Q

What are the actions of teres major?

A

• Extension

• Adduction

• Internal rotation

47
Q

What nerve innervates teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

48
Q

Where is the origin of infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa just below spine of scapula

49
Q

Where is the insertion of infraspinatus?

A

Posteriorly on greater tubercle of humerus

50
Q

What are the actions of infraspinatus?

A

• External rotation

• Horizontal abduction

• Extension

• Diagonal abduction

51
Q

What nerve innervates infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapula nerve (C5, C6)

52
Q

Where is the origin of teres minor?

A

Posteriorly on upper and middle aspect of lateral border of scapula just superior

53
Q

Where is the insertion of teres minor?

A

Posteriorly on greater tubercle of humerus

54
Q

What are the actions of teres minor?

A

• External rotation

• Horizontal abduction

• Extension

• Diagonal abduction

55
Q

What nerve innervates teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

56
Q

What happens (in regards to arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint) in abduction/adduction and medial/lateral rotation?

A

• Roll in the direction of the movement

• Slide in the opposite direction

57
Q

What happens (in regards to arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint) in pure flexion/extension?

A

Spins around the axis perpendicular to the joint

58
Q

What are the three true joints of the shoulder girdle?

A

• Sternoclavicular joint (saddle)

• Acromioclavicular joint (plane)

• Glenohumeral joint (ball and socket)

59
Q

When is the shoulder in an open packed position?

A

When fully abducted with external rotation

Functional Anatomy (6 decks)

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