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Functional Anatomy > The Hip > Flashcards

The Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional classification of the hip joint?

A

Diarthroses

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2
Q

What is the structural classification of the hip joint?

A

Synovial

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3
Q

When is the hip close packed?

A

When it is fully extended

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4
Q

When is the hip open packed?

A

Combined flexion, abduction and external rotation

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5
Q

What are the three ligaments that connect the hip to the femur?

A

• Iliofemoral

• Pubofemoral

• Ischiofemoral

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6
Q

Where does the iliofemoral ligament attach?

A

Attaches to the lower part of the AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine) and acetabulum to the intertrochanteric line

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7
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament do?

A

It limits extension, adduction and external rotation of the hip

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8
Q

Where does the pubofemoral ligament attach?

A

Attaches from the iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus to the lower part of the intertrochanteric line

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9
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament do?

A

Limits hip abduction, extension and external rotation

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10
Q

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach?

A

Arises from the body of the ischium to the superior part of the neck and root of the GT (greater trochanter)

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11
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament do?

A

Limits internal rotation and hip adduction

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12
Q

What are the ranges of motion of the hip?

A

• Flexion 0-120º

• Extension 0-20º

• Abduction 0-60º

• Adduction 0-45º

• Internal rotation 0-30º

• External rotation 0-60º

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13
Q

What muscles are hip flexors?

A

• Iliacus

• Psoas major

• Rectus femoris

• Pectineus

• Sartorius

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14
Q

What muscles are hip extensors?

A

• Gluteus maximus

• Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

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15
Q

What muscles are hip abductors?

A

• Gluteus medius

• Gluteus minimus

• Tensor fascia latae

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16
Q

What muscles are hip adductors?

A

• Adductor breves

• Adductor longus

• Adductor Magnus

• Gracilis

• Pectineus

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17
Q

What muscles are hip external rotators?

A

• Gluteus maximus

• Gluteus medius (posterior part)

• Pirformis

• Obturator internus

• Obturator externus

• Quadratus femoris

• Gemellus inferior

• Gemellus superior

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18
Q

What muscles are hip internal rotators?

A

• Gluteus medius (anterior part)

• Gluteus minimus (anterior part)

• Tensor fascia latae

19
Q

Where is the origin of semitendinosus?

A

Medial facet of the lateral aspect of the ischial tuberoisty

20
Q

Where does semitendinosus insert?

A

Medial surface of the medial condyle of the tibia

21
Q

What are the actions of semitendinosus?

A

Hip extension, knee flexion, and internal rotation of the knee

22
Q

What nerve innervates semitendinosus?

A

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1 and S2)

23
Q

Where is the origin of semimebranosus?

A

Upper lateral facet of the ischial tuberosity

24
Q

Where does semimebranosus insert?

A

Posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle

25
Q

What are the actions of semimebranosus?

A

Hip extension, knee flexion and knee internal rotation

26
Q

What nerve innervates semimembranosus?

A

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1 and S2)

27
Q

Where is the origin of biceps femoris?

A

• Long head: lower medial facet of the ischial tuberosity

• Short head: lower half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera

28
Q

Where does biceps femoris insert?

A

Predominantly on the head of the fibula with some fibres attaching to the lateral tibial condyle

29
Q

What are the actions of biceps femoris?

A

Hip extension, knee flexion and external rotation of the knee

30
Q

What three muscles make up the hamstrings?

A

Semitendinosus, semimebranosus and biceps femoris

31
Q

What three muscles make up the iliopsoas?

A

Psoas major, psoas minor and iliacus

32
Q

Where is the origin of psoas major?

A

Vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs of T12-L5

33
Q

Where does psoas major insert?

A

Lesser trochanter

34
Q

What are the actions of iliopsoas?

A

Predominantly hip flexion with some lumbar and lateral flexion

35
Q

What nerve innervates psoas major?

A

Anterior rami of L1, L2, L3 and sometimes L4

36
Q

Where is the origin of iliacus?

A

Upper 2/3rds of the iliac fossa, ala of the sacrum and anterior sacroiliac ligament

37
Q

Where does iliacus insert?

A

Lesser trochanter

38
Q

What are the actions of iliacus?

A

Hip flexion and anterior pelvic tilt

39
Q

What nerve innervates iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve (root value L2 and L3)

40
Q

Where is the origin of rectus femoris?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine and roughened area above the acetabulum

41
Q

Where does rectus femoris insert?

A

Superior aspect of the patella and then via the ligamentum patellae to the tibial tuberosity

42
Q

What are the actions of rectus femoris?

A

Hip flexion and knee extension

43
Q

What nerve innervates rectus femoris?

A

Femoral nerve (roots L2, L3 and L4)

Functional Anatomy (6 decks)

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