The shoulder

Question 1

Glenohumeral joint

Answer 1

synovial ball & socket joint
articulating surfaces humerus and scapula

Question 2

head of humerus

Answer 2

top of humerus that fits into the joint
-curved head

Question 3

greater and lesser tuberosity

Answer 3

both on lateral side of humerus at the top
greater -
lesser

Question 4

intertubercle groove

Answer 4

line running down middle of humerus separating the 2 tuberosities

Question 5

anatomical neck

Answer 5

line running over humerus head

Question 6

surgical neck

Answer 6

line running through humerus below head and tuberosities
-common site for fractures

Question 7

glenoid fossa

Answer 7

hollow indent in the joint capsule of the glenoid (fossa)

Question 8

coracoid process

Answer 8

small hook like structure on lateral edge of scapula

Question 9

supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

Answer 9

supra - indent at the top of the scapula
infra - indent at the bottom of the scapula

Question 10

spine of scapula

Answer 10

raised ridge along scapula

Question 11

acromion

Answer 11

pointy bit on outer edge of shoulder blade/scapula (stabilises shoulder joint)

Question 12

medial and lateral borders of scapula

Answer 12

medial - inner line down scapula
lateral - outer border/line of scapula (thickest and strongest one)

Question 13

inferior angle

Answer 13

bottom angle/point of scapula

Question 14

superior angle

Answer 14

top point/ angle of the scapula (on the medial side)

Question 15

acromioclavicular joint

Answer 15

made up of acromion and clavicle

Question 16

sternoclavicular

Answer 16

sternum and the clavicle

Question 17

movements available at the shoulder

Answer 17

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial &lateral rotation

Question 18

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 18

Supraspinatus - supraspinous fossa to greater tuberosity on humerus (subscapular nerve C5,C6)
infraspinatus - infraspinous fossa to greater tuberosity on humerus (subscapular nerve C5,C6)
teres minor - lateral border of scapula to greater tuberosity on humerus (axillary nerve C5,C6)
subscapularis - subscapular fossa to lesser tuberosity on humerus (upper&lower subscapular nerves C5-C7)

Question 19

muscles that flex shoulder

Answer 19

pectoralis major - medial half of clavicle to bicipital groove (pectoral nerve C5-C7)

Question 20

muscles that extend shoulder

Answer 20

teres major - inferior angle of scapula to bicipital groove on humerus (lower subscapular nerve C5-C7)
pectoralis major -sternum to greater tubercle of humerus (pectoral nerve C8,T1)
latissimus dorsi - thoracolumbar fascia to bicipital groove of humerus (thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8)

Question 21

muscles that adduct shoulder

Answer 21

teres major - inferior angle of scapula to bicipital groove of the humerus (lower subscapular C5-C7)
Teres minor - WEAK lateral border of scapula to greater tubercle ( axillary nerve C5-C6)
pectoralis major - sternum head- sternum to greater tubercle of humerus (pectoralis nerve C8,T1)
latissimus dorsi - T7-L5 vertebrae to bicipital groove (Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8)

Question 22

how to surface mark shoulder joint

Answer 22

find coracoid process and then 1cm laterally, concave line down

Question 23

muscles that abduct shoulder

Answer 23

deltoids - acromion process to deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (axillary C5&C6)
supraspinatus - supraspinous fossa to greater tubercle of humerus ( subscapular nerve (C5,C6)

Question 24

Laterally rotates arm

Answer 24

infraspinatus - infraspinous fossa to greater tubercle of humerus (subscapular nerve C5,C6)
teres minor -

Question 25

medially rotates

Answer 25

latissimus dorsi - iliac crest of sacrum to bicipital groove of humerus (thoracodorsal nerve