The ankle

Question 1

ankle joint

Answer 1

synovial hinge joint
sagittal plane, plantar flexion and dorsi flexion, inversion and eversion

Question 2

tarsal bones

Answer 2

calcaneous - heel of foot
talus - top bone at ankle joint articulates with tibia and fibula
navicular- bone located anterior to calcaneous
cuboid - long cuboid shape next to navicular
cuneiform - medial, middle, lateral

Question 3

metatarsals & phalanges

Answer 3

metatarsals 1st(big toe),2nd,3rd,4th,5th
proximal phalanges - 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
middle phalanges - 2nd 3rd 4th 5th (big toe doesnt have one)
Distal phalanges - 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Question 4

muscles in lower leg

Answer 4

soleus
gastrocnemius
tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis

Question 5

muscles that flex and extend toes

Answer 5

extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus

Question 6

ligaments (lateral)

Answer 6

ATFL lateral malleolus to talus
CFL - lateral malleolus to calcaneus(heel)
PTFL - lateral malleolus to posterior end of talus (more behind)

Question 7

ligaments (medial)

Answer 7

make up deltoids

Question 8

muscles that plantarflex the foot

Answer 8

GASTROC - medial and lateral condyles to posterior surface of calcaneus (tibial neve S1,S2)
SOLEUS - soleal line on tibia surface to posterior surface of the calcaneus (tibial nerve S1,S2)
TIBIALIS POST - lateral aspect of posterior tibia to medial cuneiform to tarsal bones (tibial nerve L4,L5)
FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS - posterior surface of tibia to distal phalanx of lateral 4 toes (tibial nerve L5,S1,S2)
PERONEUS LONGUS - upper 2/3rds of lateral surface of fibula to cuneiform to base of first metatarsal (SPN, L5,S1)
PERONEUS BREVIS-lower 2/3rds to base of 5th metatarsal

Question 9

Muscles that dorsiflex the foot

Answer 9

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR- lateral surface of tibia to medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal (deep peroneal nerve L5,S1)
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS - anterior surface of fibula down interosseous membrane to distal phalanx of lateral 4 toes (deep peroneal nerve L5,S1)
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS-middle anterior surface of fibula down IM to distal phalanx of big toe (deep peroneal nerve (L5,S1)

Question 10

Muscles that perform inversion

Answer 10

Tibialis anterior - lateral surface of tibia down IM to base of first metatarsal
Tibialis posterior - posterior surface of tibia down IM to medial cuneiform and most of the tarsal bones

Question 11

Muscles that perform eversion

Answer 11

Peroneus longus - upper 2/3rds of fibula to base of 1st metatarsal (superficial peroneal nerve L5, S1)
peroneus brevis - lateral surface of fibula to base of 5th metatarsal (superficial peroneal nerve L5,S1)