The Self In Control Chapter 4 MCQ Flashcards
Risk aversion
in decision making, the greater weight given to possible losses than possible gaines
Temperoal discounting
in decision making, the greater weight given to the present over the future
Certainty effect
in decision making, the greater weight given to definite outcomes than to probabilities
Error management theory
the idea that both men and women seek to minimize the most costly type of error, but that mens and womens goals and hence worse errors differ
Status quo bias
the preference to keep things the way they are rather than change
Omission bias
the tendency to take whatever course of action does not requite you to do anything (also called the default option)
Reacance theory
the idea that people are distressed by loss of freedom or options and seek to reclaim or reassert them
Entity theorists
those who believe that traits are fixed, stable things (entities) and thus people should not be expected to change
Incremental theorists
those who believe that traits are subject to change and improvement
Learned helplessness
belief that ones actions will not bring about desired outcomes, leading one to give up and quit trying
Self-determination theory
the theory that people need to feel at least some degree of autonomy and internal motivation
Panic button effect
a reduction in stress or suffering due to a belief that one has the option of escaping or controlling the situation, even if one doesnt exercise it
Goal
An idea of some desired future state
Zeigarnik effect
A tendency to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal whose pursuit has been interrupted
Goal Shielding
When the activation of a focal goalthe person is working on inhibits the accessibility of alternative goals
