Prosocial Behaviour Chapter 9 MCQ Flashcards
Prosocial behaviour
doing something that is good for other people or for society as a whole
Rule of law
When members of society respect and follow its rules
Reciprocity
the obligation to return in kind what another has done for us
Norms
standards established by society to tell its members what types of behaviour are typical or expected
Equity
the idea that each person received benefits in proportion to what he or she contributes
Equality
the idea that everyone gets the same amount, regardless of what he or she contributes
Sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison
interpersonal concern about the concequences of outperforming others
Underbenefited
getting less than you deserve
Overbenefited
getting more than you deserve
Survivor guilt
feeling bad or having lived through a terrible experience in which many others died
Cooperation
when each person does his or her part, and together they work toward a common goal
Prisoners dilemma
a game that forces people to choose between cooperation and competition
Non-zero-sum game
an interaction in which both participants can win (or lose)
Zero-sum game
a situation in which one persons gain is anothers loss
Forgiveness
ceasing to feel angry toward or seek retribution against someone who has wronged you
Obedience
following orders from an authority figure
Conformity
going along with the crowd
Kin selection
the evolutionary tendency to help people who have our genes
Egoistic helping
when a helper seeks to increase his or her own welfare by helping another
Altrustic helping
when a helper seeks to increase anothers welfare and expects nothing in return
Empathy
reacting to another persons emotional state by experiencing the same emotional state
Empathy-altruism hypothesis
the idea that empathy motivates people to reduce other peoples distress, as by helping or comforting
Empathy-specific reward hypothesis
the idea that empathy triggers the need for social reward that can be gained by helping
Empathy-specific punishment hypothesis
the idea that empathy triggers the fear of social punishment that can be avoided by helping
Negative state relief hypothesis
the idea that people help others in order to relieve their own distress
Belief in a just world
the assumption that life is essentially fair, that people generally get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Bystander effect
the finding that people are less likely to offer help when they are in a group than when they are alone
Pluralistic ignorance
looking to others for cues about how to behave, while they are looking at you; collective misinterpretation
Difusion of responsibility
the reduction in feeling responsible that occurs when others are present
Audience inhibition
failure to help in front of others for fear of feeling like a fool if ones offer of help is rejected
Volunteering
a planned, long-term, nonimpulsive decision to help others
