Prosocial Behaviour Chapter 9 MCQ

Question 1

Prosocial behaviour

Answer 1

doing something that is good for other people or for society as a whole

Question 2

Rule of law

Answer 2

When members of society respect and follow its rules

Question 3

Reciprocity

Answer 3

the obligation to return in kind what another has done for us

Question 4

Norms

Answer 4

standards established by society to tell its members what types of behaviour are typical or expected

Question 5

Equity

Answer 5

the idea that each person received benefits in proportion to what he or she contributes

Question 6

Equality

Answer 6

the idea that everyone gets the same amount, regardless of what he or she contributes

Question 7

Sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison

Answer 7

interpersonal concern about the concequences of outperforming others

Question 8

Underbenefited

Answer 8

getting less than you deserve

Question 9

Overbenefited

Answer 9

getting more than you deserve

Question 10

Survivor guilt

Answer 10

feeling bad or having lived through a terrible experience in which many others died

Question 11

Cooperation

Answer 11

when each person does his or her part, and together they work toward a common goal

Question 12

Prisoners dilemma

Answer 12

a game that forces people to choose between cooperation and competition

Question 13

Non-zero-sum game

Answer 13

an interaction in which both participants can win (or lose)

Question 14

Zero-sum game

Answer 14

a situation in which one persons gain is anothers loss

Question 15

Forgiveness

Answer 15

ceasing to feel angry toward or seek retribution against someone who has wronged you

Question 16

Obedience

Answer 16

following orders from an authority figure

Question 17

Conformity

Answer 17

going along with the crowd

Question 18

Kin selection

Answer 18

the evolutionary tendency to help people who have our genes

Question 19

Egoistic helping

Answer 19

when a helper seeks to increase his or her own welfare by helping another

Question 20

Altrustic helping

Answer 20

when a helper seeks to increase anothers welfare and expects nothing in return

Question 21

Empathy

Answer 21

reacting to another persons emotional state by experiencing the same emotional state

Question 22

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 22

the idea that empathy motivates people to reduce other peoples distress, as by helping or comforting

Question 23

Empathy-specific reward hypothesis

Answer 23

the idea that empathy triggers the need for social reward that can be gained by helping

Question 24

Empathy-specific punishment hypothesis

Answer 24

the idea that empathy triggers the fear of social punishment that can be avoided by helping

Question 25

Negative state relief hypothesis

Answer 25

the idea that people help others in order to relieve their own distress

Question 26

Belief in a just world

Answer 26

the assumption that life is essentially fair, that people generally get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 27

Bystander effect

Answer 27

the finding that people are less likely to offer help when they are in a group than when they are alone

Question 28

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 28

looking to others for cues about how to behave, while they are looking at you; collective misinterpretation

Question 29

Difusion of responsibility

Answer 29

the reduction in feeling responsible that occurs when others are present

Question 30

Audience inhibition

Answer 30

failure to help in front of others for fear of feeling like a fool if ones offer of help is rejected

Question 31

Volunteering

Answer 31

a planned, long-term, nonimpulsive decision to help others