The Self

Question 1

What are the three aspects of the self?

Answer 1

physical, continuity, evaluation

Question 2

physical

Answer 2

I am a physical entity separate from the world

Question 3

continuity

Answer 3

I am the same person over time

Question 4

Evaluation

Answer 4

I have particular qualities that make me unique and who I am

Question 5

When does development of the self start?

Answer 5

3 months when infants realize they have an effect on their environment

Question 6

What is the mirror task?

Answer 6

a dot was placed on infant’s noses or forehead and they were placed in front of a mirror to see what they would do

Question 7

What did the mirror task reveal?

Answer 7

By 2 years, children recognize themselves

Question 8

What are some signs of self-awareness in toddlers?

Answer 8

self-conscious emotions, possessiveness, personal pronouns, referring to themselves by their name

Question 9

What is Self-Concept

Answer 9

one’s personal definition of oneself

Question 10

How do toddlers describe themselves?

Answer 10

categories, physical attributes, possessions

Question 11

Overall, toddlers self-concepts are in terms of what?

Answer 11

concrete observable things and they are overly optimistic

Question 12

How do children form self concept?

Answer 12

Co-narration with parents: how stories are told affects self-concept

Question 13

What are the sex differences in co-narration?

Answer 13

girl use more emotional language and boys are more likely to describe conflict

Question 14

How does self-concept shift in elementary school?

Answer 14

children begin to engage in social comparison with other kids and the self becomes a social construct

Question 15

What does Self concept look like in 8-11 year olds?

Answer 15

personality traits: character, emotion, competencies

Question 16

What does Self concept look like in 12-14 year olds?

Answer 16

describe themselves in abstract ways such as extravert, anxious, perfectionist, etc. and they become different selves in different contexts

Question 17

What does the Self-concept look like in 15-17 year olds?

Answer 17

troubled by apparent multiplicity and become concerned that they don’t know who they are they enter identity formation

Question 18

Identity confusion

Answer 18

sense of self is poorly integrated and incoherent

Question 19

What is the goal when in Identity Confusion?

Answer 19

to resolve the confusion and arrive at coherent identity

Question 20

Identity Diffusion

Answer 20

ignoring identity confusion

Question 21

Risks of Identity Diffusion

Answer 21

less mature, apathetic, depression

Question 22

Identity Foreclosure

Answer 22

settle on an identity without considering all options

Question 23

Risks of Identity Foreclosure

Answer 23

intolerant, inflexible

Question 24

Moratorium

Answer 24

period of experimenting with ideas to arrive at coherent identity

Question 25

Positives of Moratorium

Answer 25

more mature, flexible and emotionally healthy

Question 26

Negatives of Moratorium

Answer 26

Can become antisocial activities

Question 27

What does Self Concept at 17+?

Answer 27

more focused on self-evaluations and begin to integrate their senses self as well become ok with the fact that they will react differently i certain situations

Question 28

Self Esteem

Answer 28

how we feel about our self concept

Question 29

Positive Self Esteem outcomes

Answer 29

emotional well-being, life satisfaction, academic success

Question 30

Negative Self-Esteem outcomes

Answer 30

depression, anxiety

Question 31

When and why does self-esteem fall?

Answer 31

around 7-8 years because children begin to compare themselves to others

Question 32

Influences on Self esteem

Answer 32

parenting and culture

Question 33

how can parents promote high self-esteem?

Answer 33

accepting child, setting clear limits, and respecting individuality

Question 34

How does culture contribute to high self esteem?

Answer 34

culture defines what is valued

Question 35

What can happen if there is too much emphasis on self-esteem?

Answer 35

children can end up conceited or fragile