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PSY 130: Developmental > Temperament > Flashcards

Temperament Flashcards

1
Q

Temperament

A

biologically based individual differences in behavioral functioning that remain stable over time

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2
Q

What was the first major study of Temperament?

A

141 participants were followed from infancy to adulthood where parents were interviewed about their children

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3
Q

In the First Major Study of Temperament, how often were parents interviewed about their 0-18 month old?

A

Every 3 months

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4
Q

In the First Major Study of Temperament, how often were parents interviewed about their 18 month to 5 year old?

A

Every 6 months

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5
Q

In the First Major Study of Temperament, how often were parents interviewed about their 5+ year old?

A

Every year

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6
Q

What was found from the First major study of Temperament?

A

there are nine dimensions of temperament

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7
Q

What are the nine dimensions of temperament?

A
  1. Mood
  2. approach/withdrawal
  3. Adaptability
  4. Intensity
  5. Rhythm
  6. persistence
  7. Sensory Threshold
  8. Activity
  9. Distractibility
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8
Q

Mood

A

whether people are habitually positive or negative

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9
Q

Signs of a positive mood in children

A

smile and laughing at parents, happily plays with parents/siblings, joy from accomplishments

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10
Q

Signs of a negative mood in children

A

fussy during and after eating, crying often, cries when mother leaves briefly, intense distress when unable to complete homework problems

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11
Q

Approach/Withdrawal

A

how children respond to novelty (new things)

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12
Q

High Approach Indicators

A

enjoy encountering new people and not afraid to take risks

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13
Q

Low Approach Indicators

A

do not like new activities and can be tentative/frightened by new situations

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14
Q

Adaptability

A

How a child responds to changes in daily routine

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15
Q

Adaptable Indicators

A

can nap anywhere

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16
Q

Not Adaptable Indicators

A

must nap at specific times/place, distress with new babysitters/school/teacher

17
Q

Intensity

A

Strength of emotional reactions

18
Q

High intensity

A

exhibit extreme highs and lows

19
Q

Low Intensity

A

subdued reactions

20
Q

Rhythm

A

Regularity of a child’s biological reactions

21
Q

Predicable/Regular Child

A

sleep/eat at same time each day and same amount

22
Q

Unpredictable/Irregular Child

A

does not sleep/eat regularly

23
Q

Persistence

A

How Children respond to challenges

24
Q

Sensory Threshold

A

how sensitive a child is to sensory stimuli

25
Q

High Threshold

A

can sleep through anything and ignore loud noise in restraunts

26
Q

Low Threshold

A

notices even soft sounds; irritated by even fabrics or clothing

27
Q

Activity

A

what proportion of the day do kids spend time being physically active vs inactive?

28
Q

Distractibility

A

how good a child is at focusing on an object/task and ignoring distracting stimuli

29
Q

What is the Easy Temperament combination?

A

positive, rhythmic, adaptable and mild to moderate intensity

30
Q

What is the Difficult Temperament Combination?

A

negative, active, irregular, non-adaptive, withdrawal and intense

31
Q

What is the Slow to Warm up temperament combination?

A

withdrawal, slow to adapt, mild to moderate reactivity, low in activity

32
Q

What is the main factor that influences temperament over time?

A

The “goodness of fit” between children and parent; the parent has to work with child, not against

33
Q

What are the criticisms of Thomas and Chess?

A
  1. same interviewer talked to parents each time
  2. social desirability bias
  3. negative bias
34
Q

What are modern measurement techniques used when interviewing parents?

A
  1. video tape
  2. more precise questions
  3. interview supplemented by other methods
35
Q

Kagan Study

A

Measured 4 month olds reactions to novel experiences and then again at 4 years in lab to see if temperament is consistent over time

36
Q

What did the Kagan Study conclude?

A

temperament can change a bit , but not dramatically

PSY 130: Developmental (9 decks)

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