The Second World System

Question 1

Virgin Soil Population

Answer 1

• when new diseases are introduced to a land that has never experienced them because no immunity (disease in Second World System)
• 50-90% death rate, decimated native populations
• smallpox, measles, influenza, plague
• brought on by new animals such as de Soto’s horses and pigs
• disease spreads via trade routes (like Silk Road)

Question 2

Mississippian Shatter Zone

Answer 2

• 1540s-1600
• collapse of the Mississippian Chiefdoms due to disease, among other things
• disease hits all primes of life
• effects labor because all workers die, leads to collapse
• spiritual crisis like with plague in 1st world system
• total geopolitical disruption; collapse of social system = famine
• big societies collapse, smaller new ones emerge: power vacuum

Question 3

Thirty Years War

Answer 3

• 1618-48
• Holy Roman Empire vs. German princes

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Question 4

Hernando de Soto

Answer 4

• 1500-1542
• Spanish conquistador who made his riches after receiving part of the wealth from Inca Empire
• returned to Spain, but went back to New World after he establishes expedition of Texas and Florida
• brutal treatment of Indians, told them he was god
• Battle of Mabila beginning of end for de Soto- 2500 warriors ambushed them
• died of a fever

Question 5

Frontier of Exclusion

Answer 5

• between England and native Americans
• idea that says the the two groups cannot intermingle and that trade is only possible if each group stays on their own side
• however, the colonizers kept extending their borders
• no intermarriage of whites and nonwhites
• no cultural tolerance

Question 6

Frontier of Inclusion

Answer 6

• foreigners that thought the best way to interact with natives was in a somewhat friendly way; allowed for mixing of cultures and customs
• however, Friars forced conversion to Christianity
• Spanish and French practiced this ideal; French relied on native alliances; wanted to be a part of trade networks (fur) so they had intermediaries
• allowed for a new population of new and old world. Created bridge between both worlds

Question 7

Indian Slave Trade

Answer 7

• native Americans already held practice of taking war prisoners as slaves but then began the practice of selling slaves to Europeans
• however, led to wars amongst native groups, particularly Chikasaw-Choctaw Wars
• led to the rise of the plantation complex

Question 8

Plantation Complex

Answer 8

• area of overseas settlements that became single units of agricultural production that raised crops for export
• no feudal protection
• used black labor on Indian lands

Question 9

Societies with Slaves

Answer 9

• slaves are an in incidental part of society
• these slaves would usually do domestic work or artisanal trade, not hard labor
• present within Native American groups
• slave owners could treat slaves brutally because they were marginal to their economic needs

Question 10

Slave Societies

Answer 10

• societies where entire structure, economy, politics, and social inventory depended on slave labor
• violence served to punish resistance, prevent rebellions, and maintain master-slave relationship
• English colonies were slave societies