Land, Native Americans, And English Empire

Question 1

Slave Codes

Answer 1

• series of codes that protected slaves as property, issued that crime and violence need to be punished, and was largely centered on manumission
• laws against slaves
• began after slave trade to the colonies instead of just Caribbean
• eventually leads to “blackness” and “whiteness”

Question 2

“Go Betweens”

Answer 2

• another name for intermediaries

- Squanto

Question 3

Squanto

Answer 3

• was from the Patuxet tribe
• was initially taken as a slave by English to be put on display as curiosity
• eventually returns to land with John smith in 1619, finds people dead from disease and colonization
• served as an intermediary between English and Indians; only Indian to know both languages, passed valuable info to both sides
• seemed to make alliance with both groups along with cultural peace but actually represented cultural differences
• no one trusted him
• died of fever

Question 4

Mystic River Massacre

Answer 4

• 1637
• took place during Pequot War
• Indians murdered John stone, a jerk who killed Indians and forced them to show him food stores
• at first English rejoiced but then retaliated after they realized the Indians killed one of their own
• led to massacre where English tried to penetrate walls of village, couldn’t so burnt entire village to the ground
• village was mostly women and children
• long term effect: new English violence, no more timidness

Question 5

King Phillip’s War

Answer 5

• 1675-78
• fought over access of land
• started when Metacom (chief of Wampanoag) was accused of rebellion against English, was then put on trial
• John Sassamon found murdered, suspected Indians did it because he ratted out rebellion
• three Indians accused of murder, hung; started war
• very bloody, many died (~6k-10k Indians)
• remaining Indians sold into slavery
• Metacom drawn and quartered
• began the development of a greater European-American identity separate from King

Question 6

Nativism

Answer 6

• unity of Indian groups against European colonizers

Question 7

Reverse middle passage

Answer 7

• when slaves returned back to their homeland

Question 8

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 8

• 1676
• armed rebellion by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley
• caused by Berkeley’s recent refusal to retaliate against series of Indian attacks, and his refusal to push westward to claim more land
• besieged Jamestown and burnt it down
• most of Bacon’s followers were landless whites and slaves (promised them freedom)