The Second War of Italian Independence 1859 Flashcards
When did Piedmont mobilise their army?
March 1859
What was the Austrian response to the mobilisation of the Piedmontese army?
To mobilise theirs and to demand Piedmont to demobilise in April 1859
When did the Austrians declare war on Piedmont?
29 April 1859
Which battle in May 1859 do the Piedmontese win?
Battle of Palestro
What was result of the Battle of Magenta?
4 June 1859
a French victory (only 1,000 were Piedmontese, 58,000 French)
Which battle did the French/Piedmontese win on 24 June 1859?
Battle of Solferino which caused the Austrians to retreat to the Quadrilateral
How many casualties combined were there in the Battle of Solferino?
40,000 killed/wounded
When did Napoleon III sue for peace?
8 July 1859
What angered Cavour about Napoleon III suing for peace?
No Piedmontese input
Why did Napoleon III sue for peace?
- high casualty rate
- 1 doctor per 500 soldiers
- Austrian Quadrilateral meant siege required
- sceptical of Piedmontese army
- believed Papal States under threat from National Society
What was agreed in the Treaty of Villafranca?
- Lombardy to France (to Piedmont)
- Venetia to Austria
- Italian confederation with Pope control
- leaders restored in central duchies
- Piedmont forbidden to annex two of the fortresses of the quadrilateral
Why did Cavour resign in 1859?
- Piedmont excluded from Villafranca
- Austria gave Lombardy to France and retained Venetia (contrary to Plombieres)
- Piedmont didn’t receive control of central duchies
- Piedmont absent from Treaty of Zurich
Who was Cavour’s replacement?
Alfonso La Mamora
What did La Marmora do in 1860?
Impose Piedmontisation on Lombardy
Use a plebiscite to annex Lombardy to Piedmont
