The First War of Italian Independence 1848 Flashcards
When was the Statuto granted in Piedmont?
March 1848
When did Austrian minister of foreign affairs, Klemens von Metternich, resign?
13th March 1848 after revolutions in Vienna
When were the Five Glorious Days of Milan?
17-22 March 1848
What happened during the Five Days of Milan?
- tobacco boycott
- 10,000 petition to Austria
- Austria forced to quadrilateral
- town council set up/union with Piedmont desired
When did Charles Albert declare war on Austria?
22 March 1848
Why did Charles Albert declare war on Austria?
Wanted to annex Lombardy to Piedmont
Fearful revolutionaries may extend to Piedmont and revolt against the monarchy
Who commanded the Neapolitan troops which aided Charles Albert in the war against Austria?
General Pepe
Who commanded the Roman troops which aided Charles Albert in the war against Austria?
General Durango
Who was commanding the Austrian troops in the war against Charles Albert?
General Radetsky
When did Pius IX issue his papal allocution?
29 April 1848
What did the papal allocution state?
- war against Austria didn’t have papal blessing
- Charles Albert was the aggressor (wrongly)
- totally opposed a united Italy (hurt Gioberti)
Which battle did Charles Albert’s troops win in May 1848?
Battle of Goita
Why did the Roman troops return to the Papal States?
Because of the papal allocution
Why did the Neapolitan troops return to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies?
Because Ferdinand II had retaken power
When did Charles Albert lose the first Battle of Custoza?
24 July
When was the Armistice of Salasco signed?
11 August, forcing Piedmontese out of Lombardy
What happened on the 23 March 1849?
Charles Albert re-instigates the war against Austria but is defeated at the Battle of Novara
What was the consequence of the loss at the Battle of Novara?
The abdication of Charles Albert with Victor Emmanuel II assuming the throne
When was the Venetian Republic declared under Daniele Manin?
22 March 1848
What happened in July 1848 concerning the Venetian Republic?
Parliament decides to aid Charles Albert and Daniele Manin resigns subsequently due to being a republican
When did Daniele Manin reassume power following his resignation in July 1848?
March 1849 following Charles Albert’s loss at the Battle of Novara and his abdication
Why did the Venetian Republic surrender eventually?
Due to cholera outbreak
Due to hunger (Austrian siege)
When did Pope Pius IX appoint the anti-liberal prime minister Count Rossi
September 1848
When was Count Rossi murdered by an angry mob exiting parliament?
15 November 1848
What was the immediate consequence of the assassination of the prime minister Count Rossi on 15 November 1848?
The Pope flees from Rome and to Gaeta
A revolutionary government is established
When the pope flees Rome following the assassination of his prime minister Count Rossi, who leads the revolutionary government?
Giuseppe Galletti
What did the revolutionary government in Rome do?
Tax reform
Public works
Constituente (parliament) established
When is the Roman Republic declared?
February 1849
When are the Triumvirate put in place in Rome?
March 1849
Who were the members of the Triumvirate?
Mazzini, Armellini, Saffi
When did Napoleon III send 20,000 troops to Rome to restore papal rule?
April 1849
Who held the French troops back for 2 months as they tried to claim Rome from the revolutionaries?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
When did the French enter Rome?
3 July 1849
Why did the uprisings begin in Sicily?
An outbreak of cholera
Poor living conditions in Palermo (capital)
What happens in Sicily in March 1848?
A revolutionary government declares it is no longer a part of Naples or under the reign of Ferdinand II
When does the Neapolitan army take control of the Sicilian resistance?
May 1849
Why does Ferdinand II grant a constitution to the Neapolitan people?
Uprisings in Salerno and Naples
What hinders the Austrians taking action in Naples?
Pope Pius IX had forbidden Austrian troops to enter the Papal States. The allocution overturned this and the Austrians were able to restore Ferdinand II to the throne
