Causes of the 1848 Revolutions (TURD) Flashcards
What were the causes of the 1848 Revolutions
TURD The growth of liberalism/nationalism Unpopularity of the Austrians Reforms of Pope Pius IX Discontent - socioeconomic situation
Which state supported Pope Pius IX’s liberal reforms
Piedmont and Charles Albert who entered a customs union with the Papal States (growth of liberalism)
What aided the growth of liberalism in Piedmont?
The introduction of the constitution, the ‘Statuto’
How were liberals encouraged in 1848?
By European uprisings in Vienna and Paris
What role did liberalism play in the outbreak of the revolutions?
In the 5 Days of Milan, a petition was presented to the Austrians requesting for liberal reforms with the acquisition of 10,000 signatures
What role did nationalism play in the outbreak of the revolutions?
In Naples, the secret societies gained constitutional concessions from Ferdinand II in January 1848
What role did the unpopularity of the Austrians play in the outbreak of the revolutions?
Lombardy-Venetia resented the high taxation from the Austrians and this sparked the revolutions with a tobacco boycott
How did Austria appear to be in conflict with Roman Catholicism?
Pius IX refused entry for Austrian troops into the Papal States
In 1847, the pope condemned Austrian troops holding papal town of Ferrara
What liberal advancements did Pope Pius IX make?
Releasing of 2,000 political prisoners
Initiated a consulta which advised him
Press censorship removed from church control
Signed customs union with Piedmont
How were the pope’s liberal reforms influential?
Inspired other states to introduce reforms
- Piedmont removed press censorship
How did the socioeconomic situation cause the outbreak of the revolutions?
In Sicily, leaders were blamed for cholera outbreak and this sparked the southern revolutions
In Milan, poor living conditions (caused by industrialisation)
How much of the population were using subsistence farming to live?
90%
Europe-wide harvest failures
