The Sea

Question 1

The size of the waves depends on what?

Answer 1

The strength of the wind

The length of the stretch

Question 2

Swash

Answer 2

The white foamy water that flows up the beach

Question 3

Backwash

Answer 3

When the water runs out of speed, it stops and it flows back down into the sea

Question 4

Constructive waves

Answer 4

Long swash-transports and deposits material on the beach Does not carry much material back to the sea. As a result they construct/add material to the beach

Question 5

Destructive waves

Answer 5

Weak swash- very strong backwash-carries away material from the beach. A lot of erosion and the destroy/destruct the coastline

Question 6

Processes of erosion

Answer 6

Hydraulic action
Air compression
Abrasion
Attrition

Question 7

How are waves made

Answer 7

The friction between the wind and the surface of the sea

Question 8

Hydraulic action

Answer 8

The power of water hitting the coastline

Question 9

Air compression

Answer 9

The waves trap air in the cracks in the rocks. As the waves retreat the trapped air expands quickly and can crack the rock

Question 10

Abrasion

Answer 10

Erosion caused by small rocks, carried in the sea water, hitting against the rocks

Question 11

Attrition

Answer 11

Small stones hitting off each other an making them smaller and smoother

Question 12

Cliff:explanation

Answer 12

As the waves break onto the coast they cut a notch into the rock
When the notch gets deeper the overhang collapses
This process continues and the coast retreats
A gently sloping surface is formed between the high-tide mark and the low-tide mark called a wave-cut-platform

Question 13

Example of a Cliff

Answer 13

Cliffs of Moher Co. Clare

Question 14

Beach:feature

Answer 14

A beach is made up of sand and shingle which are deposited by the waves

Question 15

Beach:Explanation

Answer 15

Constructive waves leave heavier material on the beach. Only light materials can be carried back out. The material becomes sorted (heavy at the front, light at the back). In stormy weather the stones can get flung up onto the higher beach and never be eroded , this is called a storm beach.

Question 16

Beach:Example

Answer 16

Donabate Beach, Co. Dublin

Question 17

The sea provides us with:

Answer 17

Energy (oil, gas, wave power)
Leisure activities
Transport routes
food

Question 18

Explain how the sea provides us with energy

Answer 18

Oil and gas are found in the sea and these are a big source of energy in the world, also at HEP (hydro electric power) stations, the waves provide us with energy.

Question 19

How we pollute the sea

Answer 19

One way that we pollute the sea is because of poorly designed sewage systems. eg. in Courtown Co. Wexford raw sewage was pumped into the harbour because of an inadequate sewage system.

Question 20

How do people control destructive power

Answer 20

Using;
 Sea walls
 Boulders
 Groynes
 Gabions

Question 21

Sea walls

Answer 21

Concrete walls with a curved top on them which helps to deflect the waves back out to sea eg. Tramore

Question 22

Boulders

Answer 22

Large rocks placed at the of cliffs or in front of sand dunes. It prevents erosion by reducing power in the waves eg.Tramore

Question 23

Groynes

Answer 23

Low walls built of wood. Built at right angles to the shore to prevent sand being moved along by longshore drift eg.Rosslare

Question 24

Gabions

Answer 24

wire cages that are filled with small stones in front of beaches or sand dunes. They break the power of the waves and help slow down the rate of erosion eg. Rosslare