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Geography-Emer > Chapter 9: Settlement > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Settlement Flashcards

1
Q

Rotteredam

A

Worlds greatest port, 20% of Europes oil entering here
Port settlement and a distribution Point, cargo from ships are distributed by train, river and pipeline into Rhineland cities

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2
Q

Ruhr Valley

A

A group of cities developed on the Ruhr coalfield.

Resource based settlements . Today coalfields exhausted , great manufacturing region

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3
Q

Basel

A

Switzerlands waterport. Barges carry Raw materials to Basel in the heart of Europe . These materials are converted into high quality, high value products by Swiss

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4
Q

The Rhineland

A

Many recreational settlements , supports a great tourist industry eg. Cruise boats, spas, heildelburgs famous castle, rudesheims craft shops and art galleries

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5
Q

Köln functions

A

Market
Port
Recreational

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6
Q

Change in function over time answer

A

Settlements may change their function over time. Javan was first developed as a market settlement,
but in the 1970s it also became a resource based settlement when the largest lead and zinc mine opened there. Brought new jobs and wealth and population increased.
Also a residential function, for commuting to Dublin .

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7
Q

Large scale industrial development

A

Began as bridging point over the river Fergus. The Normans built a castle (defensive function), also a port function.
In 1970s, A large chemical factory opened in the town, brought new jobs and money to local economy. Main function today = manufacturing function

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8
Q

4 factors affecting location of settlement

A

Need for:

  • Water
  • Food
  • Defence
  • Communications
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9
Q

4 groups in Ireland

A

Pre Christian settlers
The Vikings
The Normans
The plantations

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10
Q

Backround of pre Christian settlement

A
  • First settlers: 9000 years ago
  • Settled along River Bann - Mount Sandel
  • Crossed from Britain across land bridges
  • Settled along northeast coast
  • Access to water, food, Defence and communications
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11
Q

Pre Christian: water

A

Near rivers for washing and drinking

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12
Q

Pre Christian: food

A

Fish from rivers, fertile land around rivers for crops and keeps wild pigs and dear (and nuts and berries) in forest

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13
Q

Pre Christian: Defence

A

Easily defend and protect from attack -> built stone walls and ditches, hills and crannógs, flint in county Antrim

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14
Q

Pre Christian: communications

A

No roads, land covered in dense forest, moved using river routes in canoes

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15
Q

Linear settlement

A

In a line along a route way, ribbon settlement

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16
Q

Nucleated settlement

A

Clustered villages, towns and cities grouped together

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17
Q

Dispersed settlement

A

Randomly settled, usually farmhouses, no patterns, spread out.

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18
Q

Viking settlement

A
  • Came in 800 AD in boats from Scandinavia
  • Settles along coastline and river estuaries
  • Names of places end in ford from Vikings from Scandinavian word Fjord
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19
Q

Monastic settlement

A
  • Monasteries built by monks after St. Patrick brought Christianity
  • Built in remote places like Glendalough
  • Other monks came to Ireland later eg. Franciscans, came in 1100s and set up many monasteries, helped towns to grow
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20
Q

Primacy of Dublin intro

A

Dublin is a Primate city (twice as big as second largest city ). Twice as big as Cork.

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21
Q

Why is Dublin a primate city?

A
  • Where Government sits
  • Main transport focus (air, sea, railroads)and main port
  • Eductional, cultural and commercial centre
  • Zone of attraction for migrants and foreign direct investment - multi functional
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22
Q

Decentralization of Dublin

A
  • Moving economic activities from Dublin to more remote parts of the country
  • eg. Department of education and science move to athlone
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23
Q

resources and terrain: altitude

A

Little settlement in upland areas
Too cold and windy, most below 200m
Easier to build infrastructure in lowland areas

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24
Q

Resources and terrain: Drainage

A

Rivers attract settlement

Important for water, transport and food

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25
Resources and terrain: bridging points
Many towns developed at bridging points | Narrowest points to cross River
26
Resources and terrain: Land quality
Fertile land attracts settlement | Soils on low-lying, near River land more fertile (alluvial soils)
27
Coastal settlements
Ireland has many coastal towns and villages Developed ports and fishing villages eg. Howth Other towns developed around beaches eg. Tramore and Bundoran
28
Settlement in the Netherlands- polders
Netherlands is a small country with a population of 16.8 million people, Highest population in Europe People reclaimed areas of the sea (polder). Polders Gave new farmland and space to live
29
How were polders created?
1) Large dam was built across the mouth of a big coastal inlet 2) Water pumped out of inlet- dry land 3) roads built and farms laid out on land 4) people moved onto land
30
Klön market function
Most important port on Rhine Most important bridging point on Rhine Major route focus for road and rail Due to nodal point, has become a market centre with shopping, banking and business facilities
31
Köln Port function
Most important port inland on Rhine Route focus, cargo easily distributed to hinterland Large Docs handle ocean going vessels River cruises carrying passengers
32
Köln recreation function
Beautiful cities with Belfries, cathedral spires and bridges Historic town centre with mediaeval architecture Famous cathedral with pedestrianised Streets with bookshops, art galleries, coffee shops and boutiques
33
Change in function over time Navan
Settlements may change their function over time. 1st was market settlement. 1970s Largest just lead and zinc mine in Europe opened there. Brought new wealth and jobs and population increased. Also a residential function to commute to Dublin for work
34
Large scale industrial development Clarecastle
Settlements may change function over time. Began as bridging point over river Fergus. Normans built Castle, Defence of function, also port function. In 1970s large chemical factory opened there. Brought new jobs and money into local economy. Main function now is manufacturing.
35
Irish road network, transport 21 plan
``` 34 billion Euro invested Roads, rail and airports Reduced travel time between cities Towns developed Examples ```
36
Examples of transport 21 plan
M7, Dublin to Limerick M8, Dublin to Cork M1, Dublin to Belfast M9, Dublin to Waterford
37
Explain satellite towns with three examples
Ease at which people can travel leads to satellite towns Can live further away and commute to work Satellite or dormitory towns have grown in size EG. Naas, Drogheda, Navan
38
Explain a bridging point with an example
``` Roads cross bridges narrowest point People go there to cross the river Settlement develops Becomes marketplace and route focus Leads to further development EG.Limerick ```
39
Explain manufacturing towns and industrial estates
Need good access for trucks that bring raw materials to factories
40
Explain Tourist towns
Need a good road access so that visitors can travel. e.g. tourist centres of the south coast
41
Explain market towns
Grow when people have access to the surrounding areas. | People use access roads to go to town and do shopping and other personal and financial services
42
Explain Norman settlement
Invaded Ireland in the 12th century Built great castles often along banks of the river for Defence Settled mainly in the south and east of Ireland
43
Explain the plantation towns, the older plantation, with five examples
16th and 17th centuries, British came to Ireland to set up towns Parts were planted or settled in by people loyal to the Queen of England These are known as plantation towns E.g. Enniskillin, Cavan, Yaughl, portlaois and Mallow
44
Explain landlord towns with four examples
After plantations, many landlords built towns on lands they were given Build spacious, well planned towns with Fine architecture Eg. Abbeyleix, Birr, Kilrush and strokestown
45
Settlement patterns on the polders
Planned radial settlement Large town built in the centre, need it for a population to live there Smaller villages built in radio pattern around the main town
46
Polders as overspill zones
Acted as overspill zones for many people who live it in large cities like Amsterdam and Rotterdam People moved from these cities and settled on polders
47
Seven functions of a nucleated settlement
``` Market Defence Resources Port Residential Recreational Ecclesiastical ```
48
Market function
Town bank, cinema, school etc | EG Killmalock, County Limerick
49
Defence function
Easily defended site with river or castle et cetera | E.g. Athlone, County West Westmeath
50
Port function
Place where ships dock, large ports often surrounded by settlement E.g. Limerick city
51
Residential function
Close to cities and workplaces for commuting | Ashburn County Meath
52
Recreational function
Develop around beach or leisure facility | Tramore County Waterford
53
Ecclesiastical function
Once had religious function e.g. Mana Street | Monastervin County Kildare
54
Settlement in a river basin Shannon
Many towns have developed along the course of the river Shannon Developed for many reasons Foynes is a port settlement Athlone is a defensive settlement Clonmacnoise is a leisure settlement (boating in lough derg)
55
Functions of Limerick city
Defensive Market Port
56
Limerick city defence
Began as defence of settlement Vikings first settled there as it was on coast Normans built king johns Castle
57
Limerick city market
Later developed into market town Bridging point over Shannon Route focus Nodal point Became marketplace, more settlers
58
Limerick city port
Located on Shannon estuary Importing and exporting goods Added to market function Industries set up due to port function
59
Separate functions of Limerick
Important residential function, many suburbs Important educational function, university and Institute of technology Important recreational function, rugby and GAA traditions
60
EU airports
Air routes make urban centres very accessible to each other
61
Importance of air transport
The population of western Europe is wealthy Low-cost airlines and competitive prices have a greatly reduced airfares Europe's busiest airports include London Heathrow, Paris, Frankfurt, Barcelona and Schiphol airport in Amsterdam London Heathrow and Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris has connections with international airports in every continent
62
How do you links help to develop settlement London
Five airports:Heathrow, Gatwick, Stanstead, London city airport, Luton Employ a lot, Heathrow has 70,000 employees Help towns to grow bring passengers, passengers bring money London is headquarters for some of most important companies in the world Tourist attraction, conferences, cultural attractions, hotels Visitors spend money and creates employment in London
63
Airlink's help to develop settlement Shannon airport
Important to nearby urban Centres and people living near it for dormitory function in their towns New town: Shannon town, be gone near airport in 1962, for people working in Shannon and nearby industrial estates,2006-10,000 Aviation industry is e.g. Shannon aerospace located beside airport and helped growth in the area
64
Transport on the River Rhine background
Large urban centre is located on banks of the River Rhine It is a navigable River Reaches the heart of western Europe as far as Switzerland
65
Rotterdam euro port
Located at mouth of the Rhine Worlds largest ports Imports raw materials e.g. crude oil, Metal ores, timber, chemical raw materials and much more
66
A waterway network the River Rhine
Connected to the other inland waterways in Western Europe, central artery in a great river and canal network in Western Europe Tourists travel on cruise boats too many towns and cities located on the River Rhine
67
Advantages of water transport
Cheap mode of transport for bulky imperishable cargo e.g. Mineral ores, timbers, Sand and coal Transport is slow but barges can carry enormous loads Barges last a long time and apart from the engine, need very little maintenance
68
Navigable river
A river that has been deepened and possibly straight and a little so that Barges can use it

Geography-Emer (10 decks)

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