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Geography-Emer > Chapter 9: Settlement > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Settlement Flashcards

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1
Q

Rotteredam

A

Worlds greatest port, 20% of Europes oil entering here
Port settlement and a distribution Point, cargo from ships are distributed by train, river and pipeline into Rhineland cities

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2
Q

Ruhr Valley

A

A group of cities developed on the Ruhr coalfield.

Resource based settlements . Today coalfields exhausted , great manufacturing region

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3
Q

Basel

A

Switzerlands waterport. Barges carry Raw materials to Basel in the heart of Europe . These materials are converted into high quality, high value products by Swiss

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4
Q

The Rhineland

A

Many recreational settlements , supports a great tourist industry eg. Cruise boats, spas, heildelburgs famous castle, rudesheims craft shops and art galleries

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5
Q

Köln functions

A

Market
Port
Recreational

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6
Q

Change in function over time answer

A

Settlements may change their function over time. Javan was first developed as a market settlement,
but in the 1970s it also became a resource based settlement when the largest lead and zinc mine opened there. Brought new jobs and wealth and population increased.
Also a residential function, for commuting to Dublin .

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7
Q

Large scale industrial development

A

Began as bridging point over the river Fergus. The Normans built a castle (defensive function), also a port function.
In 1970s, A large chemical factory opened in the town, brought new jobs and money to local economy. Main function today = manufacturing function

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8
Q

4 factors affecting location of settlement

A

Need for:

  • Water
  • Food
  • Defence
  • Communications
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9
Q

4 groups in Ireland

A

Pre Christian settlers
The Vikings
The Normans
The plantations

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10
Q

Backround of pre Christian settlement

A
  • First settlers: 9000 years ago
  • Settled along River Bann - Mount Sandel
  • Crossed from Britain across land bridges
  • Settled along northeast coast
  • Access to water, food, Defence and communications
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11
Q

Pre Christian: water

A

Near rivers for washing and drinking

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12
Q

Pre Christian: food

A

Fish from rivers, fertile land around rivers for crops and keeps wild pigs and dear (and nuts and berries) in forest

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13
Q

Pre Christian: Defence

A

Easily defend and protect from attack -> built stone walls and ditches, hills and crannógs, flint in county Antrim

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14
Q

Pre Christian: communications

A

No roads, land covered in dense forest, moved using river routes in canoes

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15
Q

Linear settlement

A

In a line along a route way, ribbon settlement

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16
Q

Nucleated settlement

A

Clustered villages, towns and cities grouped together

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17
Q

Dispersed settlement

A

Randomly settled, usually farmhouses, no patterns, spread out.

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18
Q

Viking settlement

A
  • Came in 800 AD in boats from Scandinavia
  • Settles along coastline and river estuaries
  • Names of places end in ford from Vikings from Scandinavian word Fjord
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19
Q

Monastic settlement

A
  • Monasteries built by monks after St. Patrick brought Christianity
  • Built in remote places like Glendalough
  • Other monks came to Ireland later eg. Franciscans, came in 1100s and set up many monasteries, helped towns to grow
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20
Q

Primacy of Dublin intro

A

Dublin is a Primate city (twice as big as second largest city ). Twice as big as Cork.

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21
Q

Why is Dublin a primate city?

A
  • Where Government sits
  • Main transport focus (air, sea, railroads)and main port
  • Eductional, cultural and commercial centre
  • Zone of attraction for migrants and foreign direct investment - multi functional
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22
Q

Decentralization of Dublin

A
  • Moving economic activities from Dublin to more remote parts of the country
  • eg. Department of education and science move to athlone
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23
Q

resources and terrain: altitude

A

Little settlement in upland areas
Too cold and windy, most below 200m
Easier to build infrastructure in lowland areas

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24
Q

Resources and terrain: Drainage

A

Rivers attract settlement

Important for water, transport and food

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25
Q

Resources and terrain: bridging points

A

Many towns developed at bridging points

Narrowest points to cross River

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26
Q

Resources and terrain: Land quality

A

Fertile land attracts settlement

Soils on low-lying, near River land more fertile (alluvial soils)

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27
Q

Coastal settlements

A

Ireland has many coastal towns and villages
Developed ports and fishing villages eg. Howth
Other towns developed around beaches eg. Tramore and Bundoran

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28
Q

Settlement in the Netherlands- polders

A

Netherlands is a small country with a population of 16.8 million people,
Highest population in Europe
People reclaimed areas of the sea (polder). Polders Gave new farmland and space to live

29
Q

How were polders created?

A

1) Large dam was built across the mouth of a big coastal inlet
2) Water pumped out of inlet- dry land
3) roads built and farms laid out on land
4) people moved onto land

30
Q

Klön market function

A

Most important port on Rhine
Most important bridging point on Rhine
Major route focus for road and rail
Due to nodal point, has become a market centre with shopping, banking and business facilities

31
Q

Köln Port function

A

Most important port inland on Rhine
Route focus, cargo easily distributed to hinterland
Large Docs handle ocean going vessels
River cruises carrying passengers

32
Q

Köln recreation function

A

Beautiful cities with Belfries, cathedral spires and bridges
Historic town centre with mediaeval architecture
Famous cathedral with pedestrianised Streets with bookshops, art galleries, coffee shops and boutiques

33
Q

Change in function over time Navan

A

Settlements may change their function over time.
1st was market settlement.
1970s Largest just lead and zinc mine in Europe opened there.
Brought new wealth and jobs and population increased.
Also a residential function to commute to Dublin for work

34
Q

Large scale industrial development Clarecastle

A

Settlements may change function over time.
Began as bridging point over river Fergus.
Normans built Castle, Defence of function, also port function.
In 1970s large chemical factory opened there.
Brought new jobs and money into local economy.
Main function now is manufacturing.

35
Q

Irish road network, transport 21 plan

A 
34 billion Euro invested
Roads, rail and airports
Reduced travel time between cities
Towns developed
Examples
36
Q

Examples of transport 21 plan

A

M7, Dublin to Limerick
M8, Dublin to Cork
M1, Dublin to Belfast
M9, Dublin to Waterford

37
Q

Explain satellite towns with three examples

A

Ease at which people can travel leads to satellite towns
Can live further away and commute to work
Satellite or dormitory towns have grown in size
EG. Naas, Drogheda, Navan

38
Q

Explain a bridging point with an example

A 
Roads cross bridges narrowest point
People go there to cross the river
Settlement develops
Becomes marketplace and route focus
Leads to further development
EG.Limerick
39
Q

Explain manufacturing towns and industrial estates

A

Need good access for trucks that bring raw materials to factories

40
Q

Explain Tourist towns

A

Need a good road access so that visitors can travel. e.g. tourist centres of the south coast

41
Q

Explain market towns

A

Grow when people have access to the surrounding areas.

People use access roads to go to town and do shopping and other personal and financial services

42
Q

Explain Norman settlement

A

Invaded Ireland in the 12th century
Built great castles often along banks of the river for Defence
Settled mainly in the south and east of Ireland

43
Q

Explain the plantation towns, the older plantation, with five examples

A

16th and 17th centuries, British came to Ireland to set up towns
Parts were planted or settled in by people loyal to the Queen of England
These are known as plantation towns E.g. Enniskillin, Cavan, Yaughl, portlaois and Mallow

44
Q

Explain landlord towns with four examples

A

After plantations, many landlords built towns on lands they were given
Build spacious, well planned towns with Fine architecture
Eg. Abbeyleix, Birr, Kilrush and strokestown

45
Q

Settlement patterns on the polders

A

Planned radial settlement
Large town built in the centre, need it for a population to live there
Smaller villages built in radio pattern around the main town

46
Q

Polders as overspill zones

A

Acted as overspill zones for many people who live it in large cities like Amsterdam and Rotterdam
People moved from these cities and settled on polders

47
Q

Seven functions of a nucleated settlement

A 
Market
Defence
Resources
Port
Residential
Recreational
Ecclesiastical
48
Q

Market function

A

Town bank, cinema, school etc

EG Killmalock, County Limerick

49
Q

Defence function

A

Easily defended site with river or castle et cetera

E.g. Athlone, County West Westmeath

50
Q

Port function

A

Place where ships dock, large ports often surrounded by settlement
E.g. Limerick city

51
Q

Residential function

A

Close to cities and workplaces for commuting

Ashburn County Meath

52
Q

Recreational function

A

Develop around beach or leisure facility

Tramore County Waterford

53
Q

Ecclesiastical function

A

Once had religious function e.g. Mana Street

Monastervin County Kildare

54
Q

Settlement in a river basin Shannon

A

Many towns have developed along the course of the river Shannon
Developed for many reasons
Foynes is a port settlement
Athlone is a defensive settlement
Clonmacnoise is a leisure settlement (boating in lough derg)

55
Q

Functions of Limerick city

A

Defensive
Market
Port

56
Q

Limerick city defence

A

Began as defence of settlement
Vikings first settled there as it was on coast
Normans built king johns Castle

57
Q

Limerick city market

A

Later developed into market town
Bridging point over Shannon
Route focus Nodal point
Became marketplace, more settlers

58
Q

Limerick city port

A

Located on Shannon estuary
Importing and exporting goods
Added to market function
Industries set up due to port function

59
Q

Separate functions of Limerick

A

Important residential function, many suburbs
Important educational function, university and Institute of technology
Important recreational function, rugby and GAA traditions

60
Q

EU airports

A

Air routes make urban centres very accessible to each other

61
Q

Importance of air transport

A

The population of western Europe is wealthy
Low-cost airlines and competitive prices have a greatly reduced airfares
Europe’s busiest airports include London Heathrow, Paris, Frankfurt, Barcelona and Schiphol airport in Amsterdam
London Heathrow and Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris has connections with international airports in every continent

62
Q

How do you links help to develop settlement London

A

Five airports:Heathrow, Gatwick, Stanstead, London city airport, Luton
Employ a lot, Heathrow has 70,000 employees
Help towns to grow bring passengers, passengers bring money
London is headquarters for some of most important companies in the world
Tourist attraction, conferences, cultural attractions, hotels
Visitors spend money and creates employment in London

63
Q

Airlink’s help to develop settlement Shannon airport

A

Important to nearby urban Centres and people living near it for dormitory function in their towns
New town: Shannon town, be gone near airport in 1962, for people working in Shannon and nearby industrial estates,2006-10,000
Aviation industry is e.g. Shannon aerospace located beside airport and helped growth in the area

64
Q

Transport on the River Rhine background

A

Large urban centre is located on banks of the River Rhine
It is a navigable River
Reaches the heart of western Europe as far as Switzerland

65
Q

Rotterdam euro port

A

Located at mouth of the Rhine
Worlds largest ports
Imports raw materials e.g. crude oil, Metal ores, timber, chemical raw materials and much more

66
Q

A waterway network the River Rhine

A

Connected to the other inland waterways in Western Europe, central artery in a great river and canal network in Western Europe
Tourists travel on cruise boats too many towns and cities located on the River Rhine

67
Q

Advantages of water transport

A

Cheap mode of transport for bulky imperishable cargo e.g. Mineral ores, timbers, Sand and coal
Transport is slow but barges can carry enormous loads
Barges last a long time and apart from the engine, need very little maintenance

68
Q

Navigable river

A

A river that has been deepened and possibly straight and a little so that Barges can use it

Geography-Emer (10 decks)

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