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Geography-Emer > Chapter 10: Urbanisation > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Urbanisation Flashcards

1
Q

Intro of Functional zones or cities

A

Number of different zones in most cities, each has different function

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2
Q

Zones seen in most cities

A 
Central business centre (CBD)
Some smaller shopping areas
A number of shopping centers
Industrial areas
Open space for recreation or leisure
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3
Q

Central business district

A

Centre of every city has a CBD

Big banks, office buildings and department stores (multi-storey usually)

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4
Q

Some smaller shopping areas

A

Around outskirts of city for day-to-day shopping. Allows access to services outside city centre

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5
Q

Shopping centers

A

In most suburbs of Dublin
Blanchardstown in Blanchardstown
Dundrum in dundrum

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6
Q

Industrial areas

A

Important since industrial revolution, many goods manufactured in cities (factories)
Detroit Michigan (AKA motor city) makes American cars
Port cities for oil refining (Rotterdam) and chemical factories
Many industrial estates, attract footloose industries

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7
Q

Space for recreation or leisure

A

Cities need space for children to play, relaxing and enjoying the outdoors
Phoenix park and Stephens green

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8
Q

London CBD

A

City of London- main functional district of the U.K., AKA square mile

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9
Q

London shopping area

A

West end- main shopping and entertainment district eg. Oxford street

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10
Q

Residential area of London

A

West London- huge residential area, exclusive neighborhoods eg. Notting Hill

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11
Q

Industrial area of London

A

West end- old industrial area,park royale- employs 40,000

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12
Q

Recreational area London

A

8 Royal parks eg. Hyde park, Olympic park, redeveloped industrial areas

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13
Q

Shopping centre London

A

The Westfield, 1.9 million square feet shopping centre, opened in 2011, over 300 shops

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14
Q

Land uses in cities

A

Land gets less valuable as you move out of the CBD
Buildings get smaller….
Land valuable in the city centre
Very expensive land,multistory buildings,high rent more customers
Suburbs, more land available, one or 2 stores high

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15
Q

Apartments and flats

A

Close to city centre
Built to maximize space
Young professionals

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16
Q

Terraced houses

A

Close to city centre/ housing estates, doors open onto street, no front garden, city centre- oldest residential housing

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17
Q

Semi- detached houses

A

Outskirts of town/ housing estates, pairs with shared wall, garden/ driveway out front

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18
Q

Detached houses

A

Housing estates/ outskirts of town, free- standing , on their own site

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19
Q

Commuting to work in cities

A

People who travel to work from the suburbs or surrounding counties, to the city, are called commuters

20
Q

Methods of transport used by Dublin commuters and percentage using

A 
Bus 29
Cars, vans, trucks 46
Bikes 3
Motorbikes 1
Walking 9
Train 12
21
Q

A Solution to traffic congestion

A

The best way to solve this problem is to encourage people to use public transport. Building more roads does not solve the problem.

22
Q

Busses

A

Can carry up to 80 people. Take many cars off the road, faster into city than cars. Big increase in quality bus corridors (QBCs) in recent years.

23
Q

Light rail

A

DART -Dublin Area Rapid Transit. Very successful network. Many commuters. In many areas along coastline of Dublin

24
Q

The Luas

A

Tram system. Type of public transport, very popular in European cities. Fast and effective mode of transport. Very popular with commuters.

25
Cycle lanes
Bike to work and dubli bikes rental scheme has encouraged People to cycle to work. Lanes make it safer and easier to cycle in the city centre.
26
Restricting car use in the city
Expensive car parking per hour Clamping for illegal parking Pedestrian only streets
27
5 urban problems
``` Zones of decline Urban sprawl Unemployment Crime community disruption ```
28
Zones of decline, Dublin
``` Many derelict sites Some redeveloped Abandoned and fallen into disrepair Empty buildings and squatters and drug addicts Could become areas of urban decline Money spent developing these ```
29
Urban sprawl, Dublin
Rapid spread of housing from city outwards Spreads into countryside Valuable farmland and free belts taken over by roads and housing Smaller towns and villages absorbed Pressure on services eg. Water and sewage
30
Unemployment, Dublin
Jobs in the city centre in the past Factories moved to suburbs Jobs in CBD require skilled personnel Unskilled = unemployed
31
Crime, Dublin
Big problem in inner city | Drugs, unemployment, lack of services
32
Community disruption, Dublin
Since 1960s, many people moved to suburbs Left some disconnected families Results in them feeling isolated
33
2 ways to improve urban areas
Inner city renewal and redevelopment | Planning of new towns and cities
34
Urban renewal
Knocking down old houses and flats and building new places for people to live
35
Urban redevelopment
Knocking down old houses and flats or shops etc. and gibing them a new function eg. Cinema, bank etc.
36
Problems in Fatima mansions dolphins barn, Dublin
Lone parent household- 44%, greater risk of poverty 38% of population <15, > 2x national average Educationally disadvantages- 61% adults no formal qualification In 2005- 39% unemployed, 8x national average Ill health, high school dropouts and drug problems
37
Urban renewal in Fatima mansions in dolphins barn, Dublin
Safe and sustainable community dialogue with Gardai Raising educational levels: educational officers for all ages Improving health: raising awareness Providing training: local training schemes
38
Planning of new towns: Tallaght
Chosen location in 1960s Important residential, commercial and industrial area Now has; hospital, shopping centre, county library, Tallaght IT and many industrial estates Continuously growing and will soon become a city in its own right
39
Planning of new towns: Adamstown
The latest new town to be built in Ireland Result of completely new way of planning towns for Ireland 10,000 houses/ apartments, high density developments Train station gives direct access to city centre Schools, shops and leisure facilities built
40
Urbanization in the developing world
People pushed from rural areas and pulled to city People in search get of a a better life for their family Causes many problems
41
Cities in the developing world
Different to cities in developed countries In CBD, there are expensive shops, restaurants, houses and apartments for the rich Moving away from CBD, quality of houses decreases Shanty towns at edge of city, where poorest people live.
42
Life in shanty towns
Built by the residents.usually of pieces of wood, plastic and metal sheeting People extremely poor. Poor sanitation and little access to medical care
43
Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo
Favelas Lack of services Traffic congestion Pollution
44
Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo | Favelas
Shanty towns and slums Hope to millions- 20% of population People experience poverty and crime
45
Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo | Lack of services
Favelas grew rapidly Lack of basic services eg. Clean water and sanitation Diseases spread rapidly
46
Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo | Traffic congestion
Always been a problem Focus of many city roads Average speed in city= 17km/hr
47
Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo | Pollution
Air pollution (smog) s a major problem Caused by car fumes and 2000 industrial estates Air quality is bad, respiratory problems New measures in place to counteract

Geography-Emer (10 decks)

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