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Geography-Emer > Chapter 10: Urbanisation > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Urbanisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Intro of Functional zones or cities

A

Number of different zones in most cities, each has different function

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2
Q

Zones seen in most cities

A 
Central business centre (CBD)
Some smaller shopping areas
A number of shopping centers
Industrial areas
Open space for recreation or leisure
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3
Q

Central business district

A

Centre of every city has a CBD

Big banks, office buildings and department stores (multi-storey usually)

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4
Q

Some smaller shopping areas

A

Around outskirts of city for day-to-day shopping. Allows access to services outside city centre

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5
Q

Shopping centers

A

In most suburbs of Dublin
Blanchardstown in Blanchardstown
Dundrum in dundrum

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6
Q

Industrial areas

A

Important since industrial revolution, many goods manufactured in cities (factories)
Detroit Michigan (AKA motor city) makes American cars
Port cities for oil refining (Rotterdam) and chemical factories
Many industrial estates, attract footloose industries

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7
Q

Space for recreation or leisure

A

Cities need space for children to play, relaxing and enjoying the outdoors
Phoenix park and Stephens green

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8
Q

London CBD

A

City of London- main functional district of the U.K., AKA square mile

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9
Q

London shopping area

A

West end- main shopping and entertainment district eg. Oxford street

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10
Q

Residential area of London

A

West London- huge residential area, exclusive neighborhoods eg. Notting Hill

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11
Q

Industrial area of London

A

West end- old industrial area,park royale- employs 40,000

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12
Q

Recreational area London

A

8 Royal parks eg. Hyde park, Olympic park, redeveloped industrial areas

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13
Q

Shopping centre London

A

The Westfield, 1.9 million square feet shopping centre, opened in 2011, over 300 shops

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14
Q

Land uses in cities

A

Land gets less valuable as you move out of the CBD
Buildings get smaller….
Land valuable in the city centre
Very expensive land,multistory buildings,high rent more customers
Suburbs, more land available, one or 2 stores high

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15
Q

Apartments and flats

A

Close to city centre
Built to maximize space
Young professionals

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16
Q

Terraced houses

A

Close to city centre/ housing estates, doors open onto street, no front garden, city centre- oldest residential housing

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17
Q

Semi- detached houses

A

Outskirts of town/ housing estates, pairs with shared wall, garden/ driveway out front

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18
Q

Detached houses

A

Housing estates/ outskirts of town, free- standing , on their own site

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19
Q

Commuting to work in cities

A

People who travel to work from the suburbs or surrounding counties, to the city, are called commuters

20
Q

Methods of transport used by Dublin commuters and percentage using

A 
Bus 29
Cars, vans, trucks 46
Bikes 3
Motorbikes 1
Walking 9
Train 12
21
Q

A Solution to traffic congestion

A

The best way to solve this problem is to encourage people to use public transport. Building more roads does not solve the problem.

22
Q

Busses

A

Can carry up to 80 people. Take many cars off the road, faster into city than cars. Big increase in quality bus corridors (QBCs) in recent years.

23
Q

Light rail

A

DART -Dublin Area Rapid Transit. Very successful network. Many commuters. In many areas along coastline of Dublin

24
Q

The Luas

A

Tram system. Type of public transport, very popular in European cities. Fast and effective mode of transport. Very popular with commuters.

25
Q

Cycle lanes

A

Bike to work and dubli bikes rental scheme has encouraged People to cycle to work. Lanes make it safer and easier to cycle in the city centre.

26
Q

Restricting car use in the city

A

Expensive car parking per hour
Clamping for illegal parking
Pedestrian only streets

27
Q

5 urban problems

A 
Zones of decline 
Urban sprawl
Unemployment
Crime 
community disruption
28
Q

Zones of decline, Dublin

A 
Many derelict sites
Some redeveloped
Abandoned and fallen into disrepair
Empty buildings and squatters and drug addicts
Could become areas of urban decline
Money spent developing these
29
Q

Urban sprawl, Dublin

A

Rapid spread of housing from city outwards
Spreads into countryside
Valuable farmland and free belts taken over by roads and housing
Smaller towns and villages absorbed
Pressure on services eg. Water and sewage

30
Q

Unemployment, Dublin

A

Jobs in the city centre in the past
Factories moved to suburbs
Jobs in CBD require skilled personnel
Unskilled = unemployed

31
Q

Crime, Dublin

A

Big problem in inner city

Drugs, unemployment, lack of services

32
Q

Community disruption, Dublin

A

Since 1960s, many people moved to suburbs
Left some disconnected families
Results in them feeling isolated

33
Q

2 ways to improve urban areas

A

Inner city renewal and redevelopment

Planning of new towns and cities

34
Q

Urban renewal

A

Knocking down old houses and flats and building new places for people to live

35
Q

Urban redevelopment

A

Knocking down old houses and flats or shops etc. and gibing them a new function eg. Cinema, bank etc.

36
Q

Problems in Fatima mansions dolphins barn, Dublin

A

Lone parent household- 44%, greater risk of poverty
38% of population <15, > 2x national average
Educationally disadvantages- 61% adults no formal qualification
In 2005- 39% unemployed, 8x national average
Ill health, high school dropouts and drug problems

37
Q

Urban renewal in Fatima mansions in dolphins barn, Dublin

A

Safe and sustainable community dialogue with Gardai
Raising educational levels: educational officers for all ages
Improving health: raising awareness
Providing training: local training schemes

38
Q

Planning of new towns: Tallaght

A

Chosen location in 1960s
Important residential, commercial and industrial area
Now has; hospital, shopping centre, county library, Tallaght IT and many industrial estates
Continuously growing and will soon become a city in its own right

39
Q

Planning of new towns: Adamstown

A

The latest new town to be built in Ireland
Result of completely new way of planning towns for Ireland
10,000 houses/ apartments, high density developments
Train station gives direct access to city centre
Schools, shops and leisure facilities built

40
Q

Urbanization in the developing world

A

People pushed from rural areas and pulled to city
People in search get of a a better life for their family
Causes many problems

41
Q

Cities in the developing world

A

Different to cities in developed countries
In CBD, there are expensive shops, restaurants, houses and apartments for the rich
Moving away from CBD, quality of houses decreases
Shanty towns at edge of city, where poorest people live.

42
Q

Life in shanty towns

A

Built by the residents.usually of pieces of wood, plastic and metal sheeting
People extremely poor.
Poor sanitation and little access to medical care

43
Q

Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo

A

Favelas
Lack of services
Traffic congestion
Pollution

44
Q

Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo

Favelas

A

Shanty towns and slums
Hope to millions- 20% of population
People experience poverty and crime

45
Q

Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo

Lack of services

A

Favelas grew rapidly
Lack of basic services eg. Clean water and sanitation
Diseases spread rapidly

46
Q

Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo

Traffic congestion

A

Always been a problem
Focus of many city roads
Average speed in city= 17km/hr

47
Q

Urban problems in developing world in São Paulo

Pollution

A

Air pollution (smog) s a major problem
Caused by car fumes and 2000 industrial estates
Air quality is bad, respiratory problems
New measures in place to counteract

Geography-Emer (10 decks)

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