Chap 8: Population Flashcards
How has the Industrial and scientific revolutions increased population ?
Better machinery for agriculture
Better farming techniques developed
Advances made in healthcare and machines saved lives
Stage 1 of population
High birth rate High death rate Low population growth Famine, disease , natural disasters Eg. Few remote groups
Stage 2 of population stages
Economy improves Money spent in healthcare and clean water Birth rate stays high Death rate drops a lot Population increases Eg. Egypt
Stage 3 of population stages
Social and economic development continues
People start having less children
Most children survive to adulthood
Eg.Brazil
Stage 4 of population stages
Country is wealthy Family planning widespread Low birth and death rate Small growth Eg.Ireland
Stage 5 of population stages
Death rate greater than birth rate
Population decrease
Eg.Germany
How has the agricultural revolution increased the population?
More stable food supplies and less famine
Factors affecting population change
Food supply Improved Technology Health War Status of women Education
Explain how food supply is a factor affecting population change
Increased food supply helps the population to grow. Explain how food supply is a factor affecting population changeless people have enough food, they are likely to be healthier
Explain how improved technology is a factor affecting population change
Farming has improved as a result of better machines, the use of fertilizers and irrigation schemes
This boots the food supply allowing population growth
Explain how health is a factor affecting population change
Improved access to safe drinking water prevents diseases spreading such as eg. Typhoid/Cholera
Improved vaccinations prevent people getting ill and allowing them to live longer
Explain how war is a factor affecting population change
Millions of people have been killed in wars over the years
During war, agriculture, water supplies and health services are destroyed which also leads to an increase in death rates
Explain how the status of women is a factor affecting population change
In wealthy countries, some have a high status in society.
They have been educated, have careers and smaller families.
In poorer countries women are not educated, stay at home and have smaller families.
Explain how education is a factor affecting population change
Education helps people plan, learn about hygiene and healthcare. This reduces fatalities and the death rate of the country
3 things that population pyramids are used for?
- They show the % of males and females in a certain age group
- They allow governments to plan things like where to build schools, hospitals and other healthcare facilities
- They also allow governments to forecast tax and pension needs
Population distribution
Refers to how many people are spread throughout the world, it is very uneven.
Why is population distribution uneven?
People do not like to live in places that are too hot, too cold, too wet or too dry.Population densities are very low in these types of areas.
Population density
Refers to the average number of people living in a square kilometer
Factors that cause uneven distribution and case studies
Social And historical (Brazil, west of Ireland)
Resources and terrain (Italy, Dublin)
2 facts about Brazil
Largest country in South America
Fifth largest in the world
Brazil before 1500s
8 million people
Low population density
Hunter Gatherers
Brazil in the 1500s
Portuguese colonists Plantations- sugar cane and coffee Settled along east coast- rapid population growth High population density along east coast Slaves from Africa- radical diversity
Brazil 1800-1900s
Industries began to grow
Cities grew, migrants arrived in cities
Brazil 1960s
Government encouraged movement to interior
Brazilia- new capital city, 1000km inland
New roads- Trans- Amazonian highway, rainforests cleared
People given land- natural resources exploited
