The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Flashcards
What was the geocentric theory and who made it?
The geocentric theory was the belief that the earth was in the center of the universe and immovable. The idea was formed by Aristotle was later expanded the theory. This idea was widely accepted, especially by the church.
What was the Scientific Revolution?
It was a time when people began to question what they previously knew and accepted beliefs. People began to question the church and formed new ideas and theories through careful observsation and questioning.
who was Galileo Galilei?
He was an Italian scientist who made astronomical observations that supported the theories of Copernicus. He accomplished many things, which included the discovery the four moons.
Who was Isaac Newton?
He was an English scietnist who discovered the law of gravity.
What was the Enlightenment?
It was an intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems.
Who was Catherine the Great?
She was a Russian empress who was considered an enlightened despot (means absolute monarch).
Who was John Locke?
He was an English philosopher who proposed that a government’s power comes from the consent of the citizens and that citizen have the right to rebel against unjust rulers. He believed in the rights of life, liberty, and property.
Who was Montesquieu?
He was a French write who proposed the ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances in government. He believed in three powers of the government: executive powers, judicial powers, and legislative powers.
Who was Voltaire?
Voltaire was really his pen name, not his real name. Voltaire was a French philosphe who promoted freedom of speech. He would use satire to target the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government.
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?
She was the early proponent of women’s rights, and she believed that women’s education was no less important than men’s education. She also encouraged women to take up jobs in male-dominated fields.
What is neoclassical?
It is a simple, elegant style that was based on classical Greek and Roman ideas.
What are salons?
a social gathering hosted by wealthy hostesses of Paris, which helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment
What is a social contract?
an agreement named by Thomas Hobbes by which people create a government
Who was Roussea/What were his beliefs?
He strongly believed in individual freedom and also argued that civilization was what corrupted people’s natural goodness.
