The Enlightenment Flashcards
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Wrote Leviathon, believed in absolute monarch
-the leader was predetermined
Who was John Locke
Believed that all people were born with certain rights (life, liberty, and property)
Believed that the government should be limited
Rejected absolute monarchy
Influenced work of the Founding Fathers
What is natural law?
Rules that can be discovered through reason
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
Wrote Spirit of Laws
Government three branches (legislative, executive, and judicial)
Who was Voltaire?
Very tricky
Fought for tolerance, reason, and freedom of religious belief and speech with his literary works
Discussed real issues with fictional characters
Who was Wollstonecraft?
Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women
Who was Adam Smith?
Came to US and took away info about supply and demand
What is the Enlightenment
It was a movement in which the use of reason to explain society.
What is the Social contract
It was an agreement in which people exchanged personal freedom for order
What is a philosophe?
They were simply enlightenment thinkers of France
What are checks and balances?
Checks and balances were checks on powers of each branch, to make sure that the power is equally divided
What did Diderot do?
He created the Encyclopedia, which works of many scholars
Who was Rousseau
She wrote the Social Contract
-believed that people were naturally good, but easily corrupted.
The government is meant to represent the “general will” of the people
What was the negative thing of the Enlightenment for women?
The theme of “free and equal” did not apply to them
What were physiocrats?
Thinkers that were dedicated to reforming the economy
-rejected mercantilism
