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Tissue Biology > The Salivary Glands > Flashcards

The Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

there are three major pairs of salivary glands what are they called

A

the parotid, the submandibular and the sublingual

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2
Q

other than the three major pairs of salivary glands what other glands are able to secrete saliva

A

numerous minor accessory glands scattered throughout the oral mucosa

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3
Q

how would you describe saliva

A

a hypotonic watery secretion

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4
Q

list four things the saliva contains

A

mucus, enzymes, antibodies and inorganic ions

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5
Q

list three enzymes found in saliva

A

amylase, lipase, lysozyme

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6
Q

list an antibody found in the saliva

A

IgA

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7
Q

the overall composition of saliva will vary according to what

A

according to which of the glands is most active

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8
Q

when do minor glands secrete and under which control are they

A

minor glands secrete continously and are under local control

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9
Q

when do major glands secrete

A

in response to parasympathetic activity which is induced by physical, chemical and psychological stimuli

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10
Q

what is the daily saliva production in humans

A

600-1500ml

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11
Q

focusing on the innervation of the salivary glands, where do sensory fibres in the anterior third of the tongue travel to

A

the facial nerve

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12
Q

focusing on the innervation of the salivary glands, where do the posterior two thirds of the tongue travel to

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

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13
Q

where does the facial nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve synapse

A

in the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei in the brain stem

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14
Q

what do the facial nerve branches innervate, which glands

A

the submandibular and the sublingual

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15
Q

what do the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate, which gland/glands

A

the parotid gland

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16
Q

what is the main neurotransmitter involved in the control of salivary secretion

A

acetylcholine

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17
Q

which two methods do the salivary glands use in order to increase secretion

A
  1. vasodilation 2. myoepithelial contraction
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18
Q

there are two main types of secretory cells, what are these

A

serous cells and mucous cells

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19
Q

what do serous cells releae

A

serous fluid

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20
Q

what do serous cells contain that produce the serous fluid

A

zymogen granules

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21
Q

what do zymogen granules contain

A

enzyme containing

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22
Q

where are the zymogen granules found

A

found apically

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23
Q

what kind of enzymes do the zymogen granules produce

A

amylase and lipase

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24
Q

in a histology slide of serous cells, where are the nuclei found and what do they loo like

A

nuclei are basally located, rounded with dispersed chromatin

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25
what do mucous cells contain
mucigen granules
26
how are mucigen granules stained
weakly stained
27
what are the nuclei characteristcally like in mucous cells
nuclei characteristically are flattened against the basement membrane
28
where does a serous demilune present itself
in mixed secretory units where mucous cells predominate, a semilunar cap of serous cells called a serous demilune is seen
29
how would you describe the shape of a serous demilune
a crescent shape
30
what sort of structure does a salivary secretory unit portray
a terminal branched tubulo-acinar structure
31
what is a salivary secretory unit composed of
serous cells, mucous cells or both
32
where are myoepithelial cells
they are found around the acini located between the basal plasma cell membranes of the secretory cells and the basement membrane
33
what is the funtion of the myoepithlial cells
on contraction, they force the secretions from the acinar lumen into the duct system
34
how would you describe the appearance of a myoepithelial cell
flattened cell with long processes which extend around the acinus
35
how can myoepithelial cells be recognised using immunohistochemistry
stained using the immunohistochemical technqiue with an antibody specific for actin the microfilament characteristic of muscle cells but not usually found in epithelial cells
36
what do terminal secretory units merge to form
intercalated ducts
37
what are intercalated ducts lined by
cuboidal secretory cells
38
what do intercalated ducts join to form
intralobular ducts, also called striated ducts
39
what gives the appearance of radial striations in the striated ducts
the infoldings of the basal membranes of their lining cells give the appearance of radial striations from the base to the nuclei of the cells
40
what kind of epithelial cells are striated ducts/ interlobular ducts lined by
tall columnar cells
41
how would you describe the nucleus of the tall columnar cells in the epithelial cells lining the striated/interlobular ducts
a large nuclei towards the apex of the cell
42
what do the interlobular/striated ducts join to form
larger excretory ducts
43
what type of epithelium lines the oral cavity
stratified, non-keratinised squamous epithelium
44
what are all the major glands divided into
lobules
45
what do the lobules making up the major glands contain
many secretory units, by fibrous septae
46
occasionally what types of cells are seen in the major glands
adipocytes - fat cells
47
the number of adipocytes present in the major glands increase with what
increase with age
48
what do the striated ducts lead into
larger excretory ducts
49
where are the excretory ducts found
in fibrous septae alongside arteries and veins
50
what type of cells does the parotid gland mainly consist of
serous cells
51
what sort of secretion does the parotid gland release
a watery secretion rich in enzymes and antibodies
52
why does the parotid gland have large striated ducts
to convert saliva to a hypotonic solution
53
through what duct does the serous solution produced by the parotid gland enter the oral cavity
through the stensen's duct after passing through the intercalated ducts which are prominent in the gland
54
about how much saliva is produced by the parotid gland
despite being the largest pair of glands, only approx 25% of saliva is produced by the parotid
55
histology of the parotid gland predominantly shows what
serous acini
56
what type of cells make up the submandibular gland
consists of a mixture of serous and mucous cells often found as mixed seromucous secretory units
57
what special structure is seen in the submandibular gland
serous demilunes due to both types of cells - the mucous cells and the serous cells
58
roughly how much saliva do the submandibular glands account for
70%
59
about how much do the submandibular glands weigh
15 grams
60
which type of cell is most active in the submandibular gland
the serous cells
61
what enzyme does the serous cells of the submandibular glands produce
salivary amylase for the breakdown of starches
62
what do the mucous cells of the submandibular glands produce and what does this aid in
they secrete mucin which aids in the lubrication of the food bolus as it travels through the oesophagus
63
what type of cell does the sublingual gland have
mucous
64
what type of secretion does the sublingual gland have
a viscid secretion due to many mucous cell
65
what type of duct do the sublingual glands not have
they dont have striated ducts
66
as the sublingual glands do not have striated duts, how does the saliva exit
through 8-20 excretory ducts
67
approximately how much of the saliva entering the oral cavity comes from the sublingual gland
5%

Tissue Biology (16 decks)

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