The Russian Orthodox Church Flashcards

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1
Q

An alternative ideology to Marxism is

A

A threat to the imposition of socialist iegology

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2
Q

What element of Christianity conflicted with the collective mentality of socialism?

A

Emphasis on the rights of the individual

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3
Q

The Bolsheviks were ATHIESTS. To them religion was just

A

Superstitious nonsense

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4
Q

Lenin’s personal hatred for _________ informed the PACE and TONE of Bolshevik policy

A

Priests

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5
Q

How was the Royal Orthodox Church tied closely to the old order?

A

Tsar was it’s old head (appointments within made only with his approval —> support purposes of state)

Majority of the population took the world of their spiritual leader seriously.

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6
Q

It was a big task to destroy the influence of the church and indeed of religion, but there was to be no ___________ other than communism

Also, the concern that the power and influence of the Royal Orthodox Church as an instrument of social control posed a threat to ___________ and _____________

A

Opium of the masses

Government control
Socialist values

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7
Q

Why was the Royal Orthodox Church not a supporter of the new regime?

A

Owned land- same interest as landed classes

Conservative

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8
Q

The church had a hold over the _______ population that was useful.

A

Rural

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9
Q

When was the phrase “Opium of the masses” first used? By who(m)?

A

1843

Marx

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10
Q

Explain the phrase “Opium of the masses”, according to Marx.

A

Religion was used by the ruling classes to COTROL the population

It gave people an artificial sense of happiness by DISTRACTING them from their sufferings

REAL HAPPINESS can only be achieved if religion is abolished
(The government had to use propaganda, however, to get people to discover this)

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11
Q

When was Decree on Freedom of Conscience?

A

2/2/1918

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12
Q

What did the Decree on the Freedom of Conscience do?

A
  • SEPARATED Orthodox Church from state & it lost its privileged status
  • DEPRIVED roc of LAND without compensation
  • PUBLICATIONS OUTLAWED, all RE outside home banned
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13
Q

By the end of 1918, which church figure was under house arrest?

A

The head of the Russian Orthodox Church—

Patriarch Tikhon

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14
Q

What happened to a large number of churches under Lenin?

A

They were destroyed, or converted to other purposes

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15
Q

What did Lenin do to monasteries?

A

Closed them all

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16
Q

During the Civil War famine, what happened to religion?

A
  • Attacks on Church increased
  • Valuable objects seized to pay for goods
  • PRIESTS: deprived of vote/ denied rations/ victims of Red Terror
  • by 1923, 28 bishops and over 1,000 priests killed
17
Q

By 1923, how many

a) priests
b) bishops

Had been killed?

A

Over 1,000

28

18
Q

When was the Red Terror?

A

1921-22

19
Q

Name two things priests were deprived of during the civil war, and one thing they were victim to

A

Vote
Rations

Red Terror

20
Q

When was the League of the Militant Godless established?

A

1929

21
Q

What events did the League of the Militant Godless used to disprove god (as part of the Bolshevik’s propaganda campaign against religion)?

A

Took peasants in plane rides to show them heaven didn’t exist in the sky

Ridiculed weeping icons— showed how they could be made to operate with rubber squeezers

22
Q

Lenin _____ religious rituals.

What did a campaign aim to replace baptisms with?

A

Attacked

“Octoberings”

23
Q

New names encouraged by Bolsheviks

A

Ninel

Revolyutsia

24
Q

What did the scale of Lenin’s attack’s result in some church leaders doing?

A

Seek accommodation with state

25
Q

When did Patriarch Tikhon die?

A

1925

26
Q

Patriarch Tikhon’s death —>

a) which figure (very/second most important in the Russian Orthodox Church)
b) called on church members to do what?

A

Metropolitan Sergei of Moscow

Support the government

27
Q

The accommodation with the state that the religious policies of Lenin drove (although MOST refused) set a new tone.
This tone resulted in?

A

Less strident attacks by the government.

28
Q

End of the 1930s. What fraction of all village churches were not operating or destroyed?

A

4/5

29
Q

The Bolsheviks managed to restrict the church, but they couldn’t

A

Stamp out it’s influence

30
Q

Mid 1920s survey of peasantry found that

A

55% were still active Christians