ANDROPOV Actions Taken Against The Dissidents Flashcards
Under Andropov, the secret police carried out _____________________ of suspected dissidents
Surveillance and harassment
How were intellectual dissidents treated under Andropov?
- Threatened with expulsion from their professional organisation
- Denied the ability to publish
- Dismissed from post
- Houses searched (any material, and apparatus that could be used to produce and spread it, confiscated)
- arrests
What would an intellectual usually do if arrested?
They knew why they were arrested, so they claimed the status political prisoners of conscience and were separated from normal criminals
What happens if you have the label of dissident (Andropov)?
MARKED OUT IN CIVILIAN LIFE
- discrimination at work
- failure to gain uni place
- continued surveillance and harassment
How many political prisoners did Amnesty International estimate were in the USSR by the mid-1970s?
At most 10,000
Small, but not insignificant
What did the new criminal code in 1960 do?
BUT…
- Abolished night time interrogations
- Limited KGB powers
(Far more liberal than preceding arrangements)
BUT article 70 provided authorities with clear all powers of dealing with “anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda”
Article 70 provided….?
authorities with clear all powers of dealing with “anti-soviet agitation and propaganda”
What was the problem with the new 1960 criminal code?
When was this difficultly in application evident?
What diss this lead to?
You had to provide intent when making accusations
1966 trial of Andrei Sinyavsky ad Yuli Daniel (dissident writers)
A new article added that year (66) to drop the requirement
What 1966 trial uncovered difficulties in the application of the 1960 new criminal code?
The trail of
Andrei Sinyavsky
and
Yuli Daniel
(Dissident writers)
Who dealt with those arrested (Andropov)?
Why was this significant?
Court of justice
Proceedings kept: dissident groups could publicise their cases
What was an important development in the treating of dissidents under Andropov that became common?
The use of psychiatric hospitals
What did the politburo agree in 1967?
Vladimir Bukovsky (a leading dissident) be placed in “special mental hospital”
If you’re sent to a psychiatric ward, you are __________ in the eyes of the public
Discredited
Who ran the psychiatric wards (under Andropov)?
NKVD
“Patients” weds held in psychiatric wards till they were “cured”— aka?
And if you refused?
Agreed to change views and opinions
“Treated” with electric shocks and drugs
Zhores Medvedev (writer and scientist) sent to an institution for ________________.
Who else was sent to one for the same
“sluggish schizophrenia”
Natalya Gorbanevskaya- one of the editors for Chronicle of Current Events
What were the conditions in psychiatric wards? (Andropov)
Overcrowded and unhygienic
Did little to help international reputation.
Where were some troublesome academics sometimes sent to? (Andropov)
Out of the way places (internal exile)
As a result of Andropov’s use of internal exile, where was there excellent academic work?
the Siberian division of the Academy of Sciences
Where was Sakharov exiled to?
When?
What impact did this have?
Gorby (city closed for foreigners)
1980
Restricted means of communication
If you continued to write critically of the regime under Andropov, what could happen to you?
An example?
Expulsed from the USSR
1974- Solzhenitsyn
