Newspapers Flashcards
Lenin viewed newspapers as __________ of the bourgeois?
Mouthpieces
When was the decree that banned all non SOCIALIST newspapers?
Nov 1917
By when were all non-Bolshevik papers eliminated?
Early 1920s
Printing press was NATIONALISED, only those working “_______________” could access
In the interests of the workers and the socialist order
Editors and journalists were
1) EMPLOYEES of the government
2) members of the UNION OF SOVIET JOURNALISTS
3) expected to be PARTY MEMBERS
Censorship office that needed to approve every article for publication
Glavlit
Daly mass newspapers?
Pravda (truth)
Izvestiya (news)
Pravda paper of
Communist Party
Izvestiya paper of
Government
The purpose of the two Soviet daily mass newspapers?
Vehicles of PROPAGANDA (prop, agitation, organisation)
Highlight ACHIEVEMENTS of gov and socialism
Guiding principle of Soviet press (party mindedness)
Partiinost
Papers were cheap and widely available
Posted on boards along pavements
Workplaces
Pravda has a circulation of (1983)
10.7m
Gov controlled unions paper
Trud
Trud has run print of _____? (1983)
13.5m
Achievements of socialism
Meeting/exceeding production figures
Successful arctic & Northern Russian EXPEDITIONS
Arctic & Northern Russian expeditions in search of OIL or GOLD— followed the popular theme of
Technology>nature
Aviators over North Pole presented as
Heroes
BRAVE, ADVENTURE, PUSHING FRONTIERS
Prohibited topics included…
Plane crashes
Natural disasters
Vast FIRE out of control OUTSIDE MOSCOW
When?
How long did population have to wait to have blue haze explained?
July 1972
1 month (put out by then!)
Where did a nuclear waste tank expose in Sept 1957?
Kyshtym
How many fatalities of Kyshtym?
How many people exposed to dangerous radiation levels?
at least 200
over 270,000
As the government press agencies ignored the nuclear accident, how many small communities vanished from maps between 1958 and 1991 that led to the public being suspicious?
Over 30
How long did it take the government to evacuate the areas around Kyshtym?
Over two years.
If you wanted a platform more likely to publish views Critical of AUTHORITIES, what would you read
(despite them having LIMITS on what was permissible)
?
Local newspapers
Local newspapers published
Letters criticising minor bureaucrats
Complains about pour housing (common) in 1970s
What could local papers NOT publish?
Criticisms of party leaders
