The rule of Henry VIII and Wolsey 1509-29 Flashcards
How did the start of Henry VIII’s reign indicate change from his father?
- His education reflected the belief that a king should follow the code of chivalry which had been developed in the Burgundian court an Netherlands in the 1400s. This included valiant deeds, such as warfare, this later influenced Henrys attitude to foreign policy.
Who were the councillors Henry VIII inherited from his father?
Sir Thomas Lovell- chancellor of the exchequer (head of financial state kind of)
Bishop Fox-Lord Privy Seal
Archbishop Warham-Lord chancellor
Thomas Howard-Earl of Surrey and Earl Marshall
Who was Lord Privy Seal and a trusted financial advisor up until Wolsey?
Bishop Fox
What does Lord Privy seal mean?
responsible for the privy seal, the authorisation of official royal documents and letters
Who did Henry VIII order the arrests of within days of becoming king?
Empson and Dudley of council learned in law, Henry VII’s financial enforcers.
Where had Catherine been from 1502 to 1509?
She had been held at court by Henry VII to be married to Henry VIII. He claimed he was securing approval from her parents and the pope for remarriage, but was actually delaying the marriage until he could be certain it would provide diplomatic advantage
What were Henry VIII’s aims as a king?
To be an imperial king (to conquer large areas of France, as intended in the Hundred years war.) He wanted to recreate the glories of the battle of Agincourt.
What was Henry VIII’s treatment of the nobility?
He disbanded the council learned in law, and cancelled 175 bonds and recognisances. He wanted to be friends and associates with the nobility but still had suspicions, to a limited extent.
what were similarities between the kings style of ruling and the ruling of henry vii
- henry viii continued to use justices of peace
- he encouraged talented advisors and administrators from outside of the nobility
What did it mean if you were a member of the privy chamber
Member of court who travelled with henry when he moved between residences.
what were differences between the ruling of henry viii and henry vii
- Henry viii never gave personal attention to matters of government and instead delegated far greater power to his chief advisors.
who was henrys chief minister 1515-29?
Cardinal Wolsey
Who was chief minister 1532-1540
Sir Thomas Cromwell
what was factionalism at court?
the royal court was the centre of political power and influence rather than parliament.
courtiers advanced by gaining the kings favour, resulting in groups of ambitious courtiers centred around nobles or ministers forming rival factions fighting for the kings attention
When did Henry VIII first reinstate hostilities with France?
1512, he led a small army there but was unsuccesful, he did it as part of an international alliance against France.
-The effort was futile, many demoralised soldiers were ill or had disease, expenditure was increasing and there was no real gain
-embarassing as henry had convinced his advisers a french campaign would be good for englands reputation
When was Henry’s first major expedition to France? and who helped organise it?
1513
Henry turned to Wolsey, just a young official in court, who had impressed him with his enthusiasm, so he organised the campaign
- The English drove off the French in Battle of the spurs, captured Tournai and Therouanne
Was the 1513 expedition to France successful?
Yes, english captured Tournai and Therouanne in Battle of the Spurs. It was Wolseys first success.
What foreign policy treaty was signed in 1514?
Treaty of Germaine-en-Laye, negotiated by Wolsey, left Henry in possession of Therouanne and Tournai and gave him the reputation he wanted as a young warrior king
What was the outcome of Treaty Germain-en-Laye?
-England had possession of Therouanne and Tournai
-Henry agreed to give up his claims to the French throne in return for an annual payment
-Henry got the reputation he wanted as a warrior king
-Wolsey had impressed Henry
What happened 1512 with Scotland?
France and Scotland had created an alliance, James IV of Scotland led an army into North England with the aim of diverting attention away from englands campaign in France
Catherine was left as regent
What happened in 1513 with Scotland?
James IV’s attempt to invade England had resulted in the battle of flodden, in which England lost 1500 men. But Scotland lost:
1,500
10,000 men
Most of Scottish nobility
King James IV
how many men did scotland lose in the battle of flodden
10,000
How many men did England lose in the battle of flodden
1,500
what were henry viii’s first 2 succesful foreign encounters
battle of spurs, capture of therouanne and tournai
battle of flodden field, killed james iv