The Role of the Brain in Behavior and Mental Processes (Chapter 4) Flashcards
heart hypothesis
the heart is the source of all thoughts feelings and behaviors, brain had no purpose
brain hypothesis
the brain is the source of all thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
monism
the belief that the human mind and body are together a singular complete entity
dualism
the belief that the mind and body are separate and distinguishable from one another.
phrenology
involves studying lumps and bumps on a person head allowing them to determine personality and behavioral traits
brain ablation
the surgical removal, destruction, or cutting of a region of brain tissue
brain lesioning
the practice of inducing and/or studying the effects of damage to an area of the brain
what is a CT scan
non-invasive structural neuroimaging technique
what is an MRI scan
non-noninvasive structural neuroimaging technique
what is a PET scan
non-invasive functional neuroimaging technique
what is a fMRI scan
non-invasive functional neuroimaging technique
what does the hindbrain regulate
sleep-wake cycle
automimic functions such as breathing, heart rate, digestion
what is the midbrain responsible for
relaying messages between the hindbrain and fore brain
filtering and directing sensory info
regulates physiological arousal and alertness
3 key structures of the hind brain
pons
medulla
cerebellum
key structure of the midbrain
reticular formation
what is the forebrain responsible for
complex mental processes such as decision-making, learning, and filtering sensory info
maintains homeostasis
3 key structures of the forebrain
cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
what is the cerebellum responsible for
to monitor and coordinate skeletal muscle movement.
maintaining balance and posture.
has an important role in controlling voluntary movement involving procedures or sequences
what is the medulla responsible for
regulate autonomic processes
involuntary reflexive actions
what is the pons responsible for
relay neural information between different brain areas
involved in involuntary behavior
what is the reticular formation responsible for
controls sleep-wake cycle
regulating brain arousal
selective attention
what is the thalamus responsible for
sensory relay station
integrates info from the senses
what is the hypothalamus responsible for
involved in homeostasis
what is the cerebral cortex responsible for
involved in processing info
what is the left hemisphere of the brain responsible for
analysing info
language functions
logic and reasoning
processing info sequentially
mathematical skill
verbal
what is the right hemisphere of the brain responsible for
creative expression
detecting and expressing emotions
spatial and visual thinking
processing info holistically
non-verbal communication
recognition of patterns and faces
what is the cerebral cortex responsible for
higher order thinking processes
memory
language
regulation of emotions
what are the four lobes
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
frontal lobe
what does the association area of the frontal lobe control
planning
personality
what is the primary motor cortex responsible for
voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
what does the primary somatosensory cortex control
receives and processes sensory info including touch, pressure and temp
what does the association area of the parietal lobe control
attention
spatial perception
what does the association area of the occipital lobe control
visual perception
what is the primary visual cortex responsible for
receives and processes visual info
in which hemisphere is Wernicke’s area located in
left hemisphere
what is Wernicke’s area responsible for
involved with comprehension of speech and interpreting the sounds of human speech
what is the primary auditory cortex responsible for
receives and processes sound from both ears
word sounds processed in the left hemisphere
music processed in the right hemisphere
what is the association area of the temporal lobe responsible for
facial recognition
memory
in which hemisphere is Broca’s area located in
left hemisphere
but in the right hemisphere in a small number of the population
what is Broca’s area responsible for
speech production
what is Broca’s aphasia
difficulty speaking
can still understand speech
short sentences
aware of own language impairment
lack grammatical endings
what is Wernicke’s aphasia
inability to understand language (written or spoken)
