Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology Units 1&2 > Key Science Skills (Chapter1) > Flashcards

Key Science Skills (Chapter1) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is a within-subjects design

A

an experimental design in which participants complete every experimental condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a between-subjects design?

A

an experimental design in which individuals are divided into different groups and complete only one experimental condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a mixed design

A

an experimental design which combines elements of within-subjects and between subjects designs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

generalisation

A

the ability for a samples results to be used to make conclusions about the wider research population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a sample

A

a subset of the research population who participate in a study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is convenience sampling

A

any sampling technique that involves selecting readily available members of the population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is random sampling

A

any sampling technique that uses a procedure to ensure every member of the population has the same chance of being selected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is stratified sampling

A

any sampling technique that involves selecting people from the population in away that ensures that its strata are proportionally represented in the sample.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an extraneous variable

A

any variable that is not the independent variable but may cause an unwanted effect on the dependent variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a confounding variable

A

a variable that has directly and systematically affected the dependent variable, apart from the independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the seven types of extraneous variables

A

participant-related variable
order effects
placebo effects
experimenter effects
situational variables
non-standardised instructions and procedures
demand characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a participant related variable

A

characteristics of a study’s participants that may affect its results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are non-standarised instructions and procedures

A

when directions and procedures differ across participants or experimental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are order effects

A

the tendency for the order in which participants complete experimental conditions to have an effect on their behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the placebo effeect

A

when participants respond to an inactive substance or treatment as a result of their expectations or beliefs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are experimenter effects

A

when the researcher themselves affect the outcome by giving subconscious clues about how to behave. this may involve asking leading questions that inform the participants of the desired result.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are situational variables

A

any environmental factor that may affect the dependent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are demand characteristics

A

cues in an experiment that may signal to the participant the intention of the study and influence their behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is counter balancing

A

a method to reduce order effects that involves ordering experimental conditions in a certain way

20
Q

what is a single blind procedure

A

a procedure in which participants are unaware of the experimental condition they have been allocated to

21
Q

what is the double blind procedure

A

a procedure in which both the participant and the experimenter are unware of the experimental conditions participants have been allocated to.

22
Q

how to control participant diffrences

A

-using a between subjects or within subjects design
- using triplets/twins

23
Q

how to control order effects

A

-using between subjects
-counter balancing

24
Q

how to control placebo affects

A
  • single blind procedure
25
Q

how to control experimenter effects

A
  • double blind procedure
26
Q

how to control environmental/situational factors

A
  • control the environment where possible
27
Q

how to control non-standarised instructions and procedures

A
  • ensure standardization of instructions and procedures
28
Q

how to control demand charactersitcs

A
  • use deception
  • between subjects design
  • double blind procedure
29
Q

repeatability

A

the extent to which successive measurements or studies produce the same results when carried out under identical conditions within a short period of time.

30
Q

reproducibilty

A

the extent to which successive measurements or studies produce the same results when repeated under different conditions.

31
Q

internal valididty

A

the extent to which an investigation truly measures or investigates what it claims to

32
Q

external validity

A

the extent to which the results of an investigation can be applied to similar individuals in different settings.

33
Q

what are the 5 ethical concepts

A
  • beneficence
  • respect
  • non-maleficence
  • justice
  • integrity
34
Q

what is beneficence

A

is the consideration of the benefits or gains from research in relation to the risks.

35
Q

what is non-maleficence

A

is the idea that any potential harm should be avoided and minimised as much as possible

36
Q

what is justice

A

is the distribution of fair access to the benefits of research to everyone, ensuring that there is no burden on one group, and ensuring that any opposing claims are considered.

37
Q

what is integrity

A

is the commitment to search for knowledge, and then honestly report info and findings.

38
Q

what is respect

A

is the belief that everyone has value in regards to their welfare and beliefs, and has a right to make their own decisions.

39
Q

what are ethical concepts

A

refer to the broad, moral guiding principles that people should consider when conducting research.

40
Q

what are ethical guidlines

A

the procedures and principles used to ensure that participants are safe and respected

41
Q

what are the six ethical guidelines

A
  • deception
  • confidentiality
  • informed consent
  • debriefing
  • voluntary participation
  • withdrawal rights
42
Q

what is confidentiality

A

the privacy of personal information

43
Q

deception

A

participants must know the purpose of the study, unless it will influence their behavior in the research: if deception is used it must be addressed during debriefing.

44
Q

what are informed consent procedures

A

participant must understand the nature and purpose of the study, including any risks.

45
Q

what is debriefing

A

when participants are informed of the aims, results and conclusions of the study and are provided with psychological support as needed.

46
Q

what is voluntary participation

A

participants must willingly and freely sign up to be involved in research.

47
Q

what are withdrawal rights

A

participants may leave the study at any time, including removing already obtained results.

Psychology Units 1&2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions