The role of carbohydrates in sport and exercise

Question 1

What atoms combine to form a basic carbohydrate molecule?

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

What distinguishes each carbohydrate form?

Answer 2

The number of simple sugars linked with each molecule

Question 3

Explain what monosaccharides are

Answer 3

Represents the basic unit of a carbohydrate

Question 4

What are the 3 major monosaccharides?

Answer 4

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 5

Explain what disaccharides are

Answer 5

Simple sugar

Question 6

What are the 3 principle diachharides?

Answer 6

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 7

When do oligosaccharides form?

Answer 7

Form when 2 to 10 monosaccharides bond chemically

Question 8

Explain what polysaccharides are

Answer 8

Describes the linkage of three or more sugar molecules
Form during the process of dehydrating synthesis, a water losing reaction that forms a more complex carbohydrate molecule

Question 9

What is glucogenesis?

Answer 9

glycogen synthesis from glucose (glucose——>glycogen)

Question 10

What is gluconeogenesis-?

Answer 10

glucose synthesis largely from structural components of noncarbohdrate nutrients (protein——> glucose)

Question 11

what is glycogenolysis?

Answer 11

glucose formation from glycogen (glycogen——> glucose)

Question 12

What is the role of glucose in the body?

Answer 12

Metabolic primer
Regulates fat and protein metabolism
Central nervous system fuel
Energy store and source

Question 13

Is carbohydrate a key energy source for especially low or high intensity exercise?

Answer 13

High

Question 14

Explain the use of carbohydrates in high intensity exercise

Answer 14

Increased exercise intensity leads to the recruitment of more type 2 muscle fibres that have lower 02 availability and less mitochondria than type 1 and therefore are more carbohydrate dependent

Question 15

What are the general daily recommendations for athletes?

Answer 15

8 to 10g of carbohydrate per kilogram