Semester one key terms and definitions

Question 1

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

Breathing- movement of air in and out of the lungs to provide environment for gas change

Question 2

Pulmonary respiration

Answer 2

The process of gas exchange occurring between lungs and the blood

Question 3

Ventilation (VE)

Answer 3

The volume of air breathed in and out per minute (tidal volume x breathing frequency)

Question 4

Tidal volume

Answer 4

Amount of air breathing in or out per breath

Question 5

Chemoreceptors

Answer 5

Nerve cells which monitor the blood and detect a raise in carbon dioxide and decrease in pH levels. They send a nerve impulse to the medulla to increase the rate and depth of breathing if c02 levels are high
Central chemoreceptors in the brain, peripheral chemoreceptors in the blood

Question 6

Proprioreceptors

Answer 6

Detects movement

Question 7

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 7

Maximal amount of air forcibly inspired in addition to tidal volume

Question 8

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 8

Maximum amount of air forcible expired in addition to tidal volume

Question 9

Residual volume

Answer 9

Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration

Question 10

Vital capacity

Answer 10

Volume of air forcibly expired after maximum inspiration of one breath

Question 11

Pulmonary diffusion

Answer 11

Process by which gases are exchanged across respiratory membrane in the alveoli

Question 12

Ventilation breakpoint

Answer 12

The point during intense exercise at which ventilation increases disproportionally to the oxygen consumption

Question 13

Blood pressure

Answer 13

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance
As the heart pumps blood through the blood vessels, the vessels offer resistance to the flow of blood which creates blood pressure

Question 14

Myogenic

Answer 14

Impulses generated without nervous stimulation

Question 15

Stroke volume

Answer 15

Volume of blood leaving the left ventricle per beat

Question 16

Heart rate maximum

Answer 16

The highest heart rate value one can achieve in an all out effort to the point of exhaustion

Question 17

Steady state heart rate

Answer 17

Heart rate plateau reached during constant rate of sub maximal work

Question 18

Cardiac output

Answer 18

Total volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per min

HR X SV

Question 19

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 19

Blood circulates from the heart to the lungs and returns to the heart

Question 20

Systemic circulation

Answer 20

Blood circulates from the heart to the body tissues and returns to the heart

Question 21

ATP

Answer 21

Energy rich compound stored in muscle cells
Adenosine
Ribose
phosphate x 3

Question 22

Glycolysis

Answer 22

The enigmatically controlled breakdown of glucose to resynthesises ATP

Question 23

Anaerobic power

Answer 23

The peak rate at which ATP can be replenished anaerobically

Question 24

Anaerobic capacity

Answer 24

The total amount of ATP that can be replenished anaerobically

Question 25

Growth

Answer 25

increase in body size or size of specific body parts

Question 26

Maturation

Answer 26

Progressive achievement of adult status

Question 27

Development

Answer 27

Attainment of functional biological and behaviour competences

Question 28

Chronological age

Answer 28

Age from date of birth

Question 29

Biological age

Answer 29

The developmental stage of the body systems

Question 30

Childhood

Answer 30

First birthday to adolescence

Question 31

Hyperplasia

Answer 31

Increase in number of muscle cells in a tissue

Question 32

Hypertrophy

Answer 32

Muscle fibres get bigger

Question 33

V02

Answer 33

The rate at which oxygen is consumed by working muscles | HR x SV) x (arterial 02-venous 02

Question 34

V02 max

Answer 34

The maximum rate at which we can consume and use oxygen by working tissues

Question 35

Carbohydrate

Answer 35

Atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 36

Strength

Answer 36

The ability to produce force

Question 37

Power

Answer 37

The product of force and velocity

Question 38

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 38

Resistance training can decrease inhibitory impulses to agonist muscles by reduces autogenic inhibition. Golgi tendon organ gets triggered which causes muscle to relax

Question 39

Transient hypertrophy

Answer 39

Occurs during and immediately after a training session

Question 40

Chronic hypertrophy

Answer 40

Structural changes in the muscle resulting from long term training

Question 41

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 41

Respond to mechanical forces such as pressure

Question 42

Nocireceptors

Answer 42

Respond to painful stimuli

Question 43

Baroreceptors

Answer 43

Detect blood pressure

Question 44

Repolarisation

Answer 44

Closing sodium channels and opening potassium to restore the negative membrane

Question 45

Depolarisation

Answer 45

Sodium rushing into the nerve and generating positive charge

Question 46

Action potential

Answer 46

A rapid and substantial change in the electrical charge of a neuron that travels the full length of the neuron and passes into the structure the neuron is attached to

Question 47

Nerve impulse

Answer 47

Electrical signal that changes the electrical charge of a neuron

Question 48

Endocrine signalling

Answer 48

Hormones enter the blood stream and transported to interact with tissue quite far away from their site of production

Question 49

Paracrine signalling

Answer 49

Hormone leaves cell of production and acts on nearby cells without entering circulation

Question 50

Autocrine signalling

Answer 50

Hormone acts on the same cells that produced it