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Year 1 Applied Physiology > Semester one key terms and definitions > Flashcards

Semester one key terms and definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Breathing- movement of air in and out of the lungs to provide environment for gas change

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2
Q

Pulmonary respiration

A

The process of gas exchange occurring between lungs and the blood

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3
Q

Ventilation (VE)

A

The volume of air breathed in and out per minute (tidal volume x breathing frequency)

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4
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air breathing in or out per breath

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5
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Nerve cells which monitor the blood and detect a raise in carbon dioxide and decrease in pH levels. They send a nerve impulse to the medulla to increase the rate and depth of breathing if c02 levels are high
Central chemoreceptors in the brain, peripheral chemoreceptors in the blood

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6
Q

Proprioreceptors

A

Detects movement

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7
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Maximal amount of air forcibly inspired in addition to tidal volume

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8
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Maximum amount of air forcible expired in addition to tidal volume

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9
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration

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10
Q

Vital capacity

A

Volume of air forcibly expired after maximum inspiration of one breath

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11
Q

Pulmonary diffusion

A

Process by which gases are exchanged across respiratory membrane in the alveoli

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12
Q

Ventilation breakpoint

A

The point during intense exercise at which ventilation increases disproportionally to the oxygen consumption

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13
Q

Blood pressure

A

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance
As the heart pumps blood through the blood vessels, the vessels offer resistance to the flow of blood which creates blood pressure

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14
Q

Myogenic

A

Impulses generated without nervous stimulation

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15
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood leaving the left ventricle per beat

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16
Q

Heart rate maximum

A

The highest heart rate value one can achieve in an all out effort to the point of exhaustion

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17
Q

Steady state heart rate

A

Heart rate plateau reached during constant rate of sub maximal work

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18
Q

Cardiac output

A

Total volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per min

HR X SV

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19
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Blood circulates from the heart to the lungs and returns to the heart

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20
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Blood circulates from the heart to the body tissues and returns to the heart

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21
Q

ATP

A

Energy rich compound stored in muscle cells
Adenosine
Ribose
phosphate x 3

22
Q

Glycolysis

A

The enigmatically controlled breakdown of glucose to resynthesises ATP

23
Q

Anaerobic power

A

The peak rate at which ATP can be replenished anaerobically

24
Q

Anaerobic capacity

A

The total amount of ATP that can be replenished anaerobically

25
Q

Growth

A

increase in body size or size of specific body parts

26
Q

Maturation

A

Progressive achievement of adult status

27
Q

Development

A

Attainment of functional biological and behaviour competences

28
Q

Chronological age

A

Age from date of birth

29
Q

Biological age

A

The developmental stage of the body systems

30
Q

Childhood

A

First birthday to adolescence

31
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in number of muscle cells in a tissue

32
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Muscle fibres get bigger

33
Q

V02

A

The rate at which oxygen is consumed by working muscles

HR x SV) x (arterial 02-venous 02

34
Q

V02 max

A

The maximum rate at which we can consume and use oxygen by working tissues

35
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

36
Q

Strength

A

The ability to produce force

37
Q

Power

A

The product of force and velocity

38
Q

Autogenic inhibition

A

Resistance training can decrease inhibitory impulses to agonist muscles by reduces autogenic inhibition. Golgi tendon organ gets triggered which causes muscle to relax

39
Q

Transient hypertrophy

A

Occurs during and immediately after a training session

40
Q

Chronic hypertrophy

A

Structural changes in the muscle resulting from long term training

41
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Respond to mechanical forces such as pressure

42
Q

Nocireceptors

A

Respond to painful stimuli

43
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Detect blood pressure

44
Q

Repolarisation

A

Closing sodium channels and opening potassium to restore the negative membrane

45
Q

Depolarisation

A

Sodium rushing into the nerve and generating positive charge

46
Q

Action potential

A

A rapid and substantial change in the electrical charge of a neuron that travels the full length of the neuron and passes into the structure the neuron is attached to

47
Q

Nerve impulse

A

Electrical signal that changes the electrical charge of a neuron

48
Q

Endocrine signalling

A

Hormones enter the blood stream and transported to interact with tissue quite far away from their site of production

49
Q

Paracrine signalling

A

Hormone leaves cell of production and acts on nearby cells without entering circulation

50
Q

Autocrine signalling

A

Hormone acts on the same cells that produced it

Year 1 Applied Physiology (13 decks)

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