Semester 1 exam revision

Question 1

Define pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

Breathing

Question 2

Define respiration

Answer 2

The process of gas exchange between lungs and the blood

Question 3

Define ventilation

Answer 3

The volume of air breathed in and out per minute (tidal volume x breathing frequency)

Question 4

Define tidal volume

Answer 4

Amount of air breathed in or out per breath

Question 5

Define vital capacity

Answer 5

Volume of air forcibly expired after maximum inspiration of one breath

Question 6

Define ventilation breakpoint

Answer 6

The point during intense exercise at which ventilation increases disproportionally to the oxygen consumption

Question 7

What is Dalton’s law of gases?

Answer 7

The partial pressure of nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide add up to atmospheric pressure

Question 8

What is Henry’s law of gases?

Answer 8

Gases dissolve in liquids in proportion to their partial pressures, depending on there solubility in the specific fluids and depending on temperature

Question 9

When are the internal intercostals used?

Answer 9

Expiration during exercise

Question 10

What causes the Bohr effect?

Answer 10

Lower pH during exercise

Question 11

Blood pressure equation

Answer 11

Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Question 12

Define cardiac output

Answer 12

Total volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per min

HR x SV

Question 13

Define steady state heart rate

Answer 13

Heart rate plateau reached during constant rate of sub maximal work

Question 14

What is the PCr system equation

Answer 14

PCr + ADP + H —-> ATP + Cr

Question 15

Define glycogenesis

Answer 15

Creating glucose

Question 16

Define glycogenolysis

Answer 16

Creating glycogen

Question 17

Define anaerobic power

Answer 17

The peak rate at which ATP can be replenished anaerobically

Question 18

Define anaerobic capacity

Answer 18

The total amount of ATP that can be replenished anaerobically

Question 19

What are the three main ways of assessing biological maturation?

Answer 19

Skeletal, sexual, somatic

Question 20

What is the equation for V02

Answer 20

Q x a-v02 diff

SV x HR x arterial o2- venous 02

Question 21

Order of carbohydrate size smallest to largest

Answer 21

Monosaccharide
Diaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polusaccharide

Question 22

Define hyperinsulinaemia

Answer 22

The consequence of eating a pre exercise snack which is high in simple carbs

Question 23

Define strength

Answer 23

The ability to produce force

Question 24

Name the 4 primary ways which the neurones adapt from resistance training

Answer 24

Motor unit synchronisation, increased rate coding of motor units, increased neural drive, autogenic inhibition

Question 25

Factors which effect the velocity of an action potential

Answer 25

Large diameter neurons conduct nerve impulses faster
They present less resistance to current flow
Saltatory conduction: potential travels quickly from one break in myelin to the next

Question 26

What is excitation contraction coupling?

Answer 26

The process of converting the electrical signal from a motor neuron into a muscle contraction

Question 27

Where is calcium released from?

Answer 27

Sarcoplasmic reticulum