The Role Of Calcium Flashcards
What are the calcium transporters
SERCA
PMCA
NCX
Which of the transporters would use ATP and which would not
SERCA and PMCA use atp
NCX uses electrochemical gradients
How would the intracellular levels of calcium be controlled
Ligand gated channels
Voltage gated channels
Store operated channels
Calcium sensors
Calcium buffers
What is camodulin
A calcium sensor
Calcium would bind to it, would have a confirmational shape change allowing it to interact with proteins
What is parathyroid hormone
Hormone released from the parathyroid gland
When low SER/SR calcium causes calcium to be released from the bone
Allows calcium to be absorbed by the small intestine
In what ways is calcium used
Muscle contractions
Hormone regulation
Intracellular signalling functions
Metabolism
Membrane linked functions
What forms is calcium in within the extracellular
Free calcium (can be taken up by tissues)
Chelated calcium (10% of serum calcium and would allow the uptake of ca into tissues)
Protein bound calcium (not taken up by the tissues)
What is hypocalcemia
Levels of calcium below 8.5mg/dL
What is hypercalcemia
Levels of calcium above 11.5mg/dL
What is serum calcium’s
Blood calcium
What are the clinical symptoms of hypocalcemia
Cardiac arrhythmia, psychological disorders, neural hyper excitability
What are the normal symptoms of acute hypocalcemia
Muscle spasms, bronchospasms, muscle weakness and tingling
The are the clinical symptoms of hypercalcemia
Bradycardia, hyperrefelxia, hypertension
What are the normal symptoms for acute hypercalcemia
Confusion, depression, constipation, abdominal and or flank pain
What is ip3 and RyR
Calcium receptors (ligand gated)
Attach to the SER/SR and would allow the release of calcium from these areas
RyR can work along side the Voltage gated channels
