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Phys And Pharm > Automatic Nervous System > Flashcards

Automatic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the length of the post and pre ganglionic neurone in the sympathetic

A

Short pre
Long post

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2
Q

What are the length of the ganglionic neurones in the parasympathetic

A

Long pre
Short post

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3
Q

What is special about all pre ganglionic neurones

A

All would use acetylcholine and so would have the nicotinic receptors

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4
Q

What is the receptor on the post ganglionic on the parasympathetic

A

Muscuranic

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5
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic

A

Noradrenaline

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6
Q

What is the receptor for the post ganglionic on the sympathetic pathways

A

The beta and the alpha receptors

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7
Q

How many beta and alpha receptors are there

A

2 alpha
3 beta

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8
Q

What are some of the alpha and beta receptors used for

A

B1 would be the heart
B2 would be the bronchiole function and the lung.
B1 renal (kidneys)
A1 would be the vascular contractions and relaxations (would have some B2)

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9
Q

What are the functions of some of the muscuranic receptors

A

M2 heart
M3 lung function (bronchiolar)
M1/M3 would be the glandular

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10
Q

What are the cholinergic pathways

A

The neurones in the parasympathetic are all cholinergic (as they would be using the acetylcholine)

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11
Q

What is the difference between the pre ganglionic neurone and the post ganglionic neurone

A

Post ganglionic would be unmyelinated
Pre ganglionic would be myelinated

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12
Q

What is the difference between the afferent neurone and the efferent neurones

A

The afferent would carry in the information (the sensory information)
The efferent would carry out the information allowing a response to occur (to he effectors)

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13
Q

How many nicotinic receptors are there

A

2

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14
Q

What produces the adrenaline

A

Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
The post ganglionic neurones in the adrenal gland would differentiate into the chromaffin cells

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15
Q

What are the NANC

A

non-adrengic and non-cholinergic neurones
Not having the nonradrenaline or the ach act here
Would have transmitters like ATP and Nitric oxide

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16
Q

How can ATP act as a neurotransmitter

A

Acts on the post ganglionic neurones of the blood vessels
Would allow the contraction of the smooth muscle

17
Q

What is dysautomia

A

The malfunction of the autonomic nervous system
POTS
NEUROCARDIOGENIC SCOPE
MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY

18
Q

What is the enteric nervous system

A

The largest part of the ANS
Would be in the gut
Mesh like system of neurone
Allows control of the GI (transport, secretion, blood flow etc…)

19
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system come from

A

The thoratic and lumbar regions of the body (so the spinal cord)

20
Q

Where does the parasympathetic system originate from

A

The cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord

21
Q

What are the main steps of neurotransmitter action

A

Uptake of precursors
Synthesis of the transmitter
The storage or the transmitter
Th degradation of the transmitter that was not taken up (by MAO or COMT enzymes)
The reuptake (thought the receptors or the channels)
The degradation using the enzymes

22
Q

What are the two forms of uptake for neurotransmitters

A

Uptake 1: the high affinity uptake and would take up most of the transmitter
Uptake 2: the low affinity uptake. Anything that would not have been taken up by 1 would be taken up here

23
Q

Where would the noradrenaline be stored in the smooth muscle

A

Vascocitys (like vesicles that would be on the muscle membrane)

24
Q

How would acetylcholine be produced

A

ACETYL CO A + CHOLINE —- — - — ACETYLCHOLINE + CO A
using enzyme CAT (choline acetyl transferase)

25
Q

How would acetylcholine be broken down

A

ACETYLCHOLINE - - - — - — - - ACETATE + CHOLINE
using enzyme acetylcholinesterase
The choline would go onto be reused to produce more Ach

26
Q

What causes SLUDGE

A

The overactive parasympathetic system
Overactive muscuranic receptors
Need the muscarnic antagonists

27
Q

What does SLUDGE stand for

A

S: salivation
L: lacrimation (tear gland stimulation)
U: urination
D: deification
G: GI upset
E: emesis (vomiting)

28
Q

What kind of receptors are the adrenoreceptors and the cholinergic receptors

A

GPCRs

29
Q

What areas would be effected by both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems

A

The lungs
Heart
Bladder
Stomach

30
Q

What areas would the sympathetic system control

A

Sweat glands
Blood vessels
Adrenal medulla (releasing the catecholamine noradrenaline, the signalling molecule)

31
Q

What is the difference between the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems

A

Somatic = voluntary
Autonomic = involuntary
They would both be part of the motor system of the the body (derived from the peripheral Nervous system)

32
Q

What did ionotropic and metabotropic mean

A

Ionotropic: ion channels
Metabotropic: GPCR (the adenergic and cholinergic receptors)

Phys And Pharm (10 decks)

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