Chemical And Electrical Synapses

Question 1

What are some characteristics of electrical synapses

Answer 1

Neuronal to non-neuronal transmission
3nm gap (smaller then that of the chemical synapses)
Direct transfer of ion current
Connexion pores that connect the gap junctions
Cardiac and uterine muscle
Brain development

Question 2

What are characteristics of chemical synapses

Answer 2

Receptors of pre and post synapses
20-50nm gap (larger then the electrical synapses at 3nm)
Vesicles containing the neurotransmitter

Question 3

What are some amino acid transmitters

Answer 3

GABA
Glutamate
Glycine

Question 4

What are some amine transmitters

Answer 4

Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Histamine

Question 5

What are some peptide transmitters

Answer 5

Substance p
Neuropeptide y

Question 6

What are the difference between the AA/amine and the peptide transmitters

Answer 6

AA/Amine would be in the vesicles that would released at the axon terminal
Peptide would move in secretory granules from the axon to the terminal in axoplasmic transport

Question 7

What is a QUANTA

Answer 7

The lowest amount of neurotransmitter realised from the vesicles

Question 8

What is temporal and spatial summation

Answer 8

Temporal: Acton potentials coming from the same neurone over time
Spatial: action potentials coming from different neurones all at once

Question 9

What is presynaptic modulation

Answer 9

A way to stop transmission
Alpha 2 receptor on the pre synaptic binds to noradrenaline
Hyper polarisation (opening of the k+ or closing of the ca++)
Would have no ca++ influx

Question 10

How would you stop the effect of neurotransmitters and why would you need to do this?

Answer 10

-reuptake
-enzyme degradation
-diffusion

So would not have desensitisation (where the receptors would not longer recognise the transmitters)

Question 11

What is axodendritic

Answer 11

Axon terminal connecting to the dendrite of another neurones

Question 12

What is axosomatic

Answer 12

Axon terminal connecting to the soma (cell body) of another neurone

Question 13

What is axoaxonic

Answer 13

Axon terminal connecting to the axon of another neurone

Question 14

What do the GABA neurotransmitters do and what do they make the channels permeable to

Answer 14

Inhibitory receptors of the brain
Permeable to CL- so would cause hyperpolerisation

Question 15

What do the glutamate neurotransmitters do and what do they make channels permeable to

Answer 15

Stimulatory of the brain
Permeable to na+ so leads to depolarisation

Question 16

What do the glycine transmitters do

Answer 16

Inhibitory of the action potential in the spinal cords

Question 17

What is the difference between convergence and divergence

Answer 17

Convergence is many neurones to one neurone
Divergence is one neurone to many neurones

Question 18

What is the difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses

Answer 18

Symmetrical would be the same size (inhibitory)
Asymmetrical would be different sizes (stimulatory)

Question 19

What is Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 19

The median nerve that would run down the forearm and to the metacarpal would be twisted

Question 20

What is motor neurones disease

Answer 20

Degradation of the Motor neurones in the body

Question 21

What is cubital syndrome

Answer 21

The ulna nerve in the neurones would be twisted

Question 22

What is the difference between the heteroreceptors and the auto receptors

Answer 22

Heteroreceptors can use different neurotransmitters then ones that would have been released at the terminal
Auto receptors would use the same neurotransmitters that would be released at the terminal

Question 23

What are the subunits of the nicotinic receptors

Answer 23

2 alpha (the ach would bind to them)
1 beta
1gamma and 1 delta
Total of 5 units