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EURO YAT > The Rise Of Sovereignty In Russia > Flashcards

The Rise Of Sovereignty In Russia Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

What who are the Boyars?

A

Old nobility who controlled the bureaucracy

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2
Q

What was the Time of Troubles? (1604-1613)

A

Period of anarchy and civil war after the reign of Ivan of the Terrible

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3
Q

How was the Times of Troubles resolved?

A

It was resolved by the Zemski Sobor by deciding to choose 17 yr old Mikhail Romanov as tsar

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4
Q

As tsar what was Mikhail Romanov able to do?

A

He brought stability and centralization to Russia

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5
Q

What are some common Russian themes during this time?

A

1) expansion

2) relatively backward

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6
Q

What was the Zemsky Sobor?

A

An advisory assembly convened by the tsar

Literally it means “Assembly of the land”

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7
Q

What are some long term conflicts in Russia during this time?

A

1) ppl vs. elite

2) tradition vs. modernity

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8
Q

Who was the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church?

A

Nikon

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9
Q

Nikon wanted reform of the church, what were some of his ideas?

A

Wanted reform with worship practices
Wanted reform with bible
Didn’t want the church to be torn apart

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10
Q

What was an issue that Nikon faced when he wanted to reform?

A

Old believers like to stick to tradition and told Nikon that if he continues with the reform they will branch off and create their own church which was exactly what Nikon DIDNT want

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11
Q

When did Peter I become the tsar? Who came before him?

A

1682 when he was 10 years old

Tsar before him was Theodore Romanov

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12
Q

Who did Peter I co-tsar with? Why?

A

With his brother Ivan V

Bc he was Ivan V was “touched in the head”

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13
Q

Who protected Peter I and Ivan V when they ruled as tsars? Why?

A

The streltsy; so that nobody would try to take their throne

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14
Q

Who was Peter I and Ivan V regent?

A

Their older sister Sophia

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15
Q

Describe the regent of Peter and Ivan

A

Sophia their older sister
She whispered things to Peter when political affairs were brought up to him
She attempted to take their throne

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16
Q

What happens when Ivan V dies?

A

Peter I rules alone

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17
Q

Who doesn’t Peter I trust? Why?

A

The boyars and the streltsy

Bc he wanted to protect the power of the tsar from the nobility and increase Russia’s military power (by himself)

18
Q

What happened in 1697- 1698?

A

Peter travels to the west to observe what they do in Western Europe so that he can modernize Russia

19
Q

What happened while Peter I was away looking at how to modernize Russia?

A

The streltsy had a rebellion

20
Q

How did Peter I put down the boyars and streltsy rebellion?

A

By executing leaders and publicly displaying it for everyone to see

21
Q

Why did the streltsy have a rebellion when Peter I went on a trip to Western Europe in 1697-1698?

A

Because they feared what new ideas Peter might bring back from Western Europe and thought it might jeopardize their pwr (didnt want to modernize liked traditional Russia)

22
Q

After the trip to Western Europe what are some reforms that Peter I brings?

A

1) tells ppl to wear short clothing; less black clothing
2) women don’t have to wear veils
3) makes the boyars shave their beards
4) stops granting boyar status

23
Q

What was Peter I greatest innovation? What was his goal?

A

The navy

Goal = warm water port

24
Q

What/ who are the streltsy?

A

Nobility; guards of the Moscow garrison

26
Q

What was the main reason for the Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia?

A

Peter wanted to expand into the Baltic states but Sweden controls it so he has to fight Sweden for the Baltic states

27
Q

Why does Peter I want the Baltic states?

A

Bc he wants warm water ports

28
Q

Who ultimately won the great northern war? What battle determined the ultimate winner?

A

The Russians

The Battle of Poltava in 1709 where the Russians crush the Swedish army

29
Q

What was the Treaty of Nystad (1721)?

A

The treaty that ended the great northern war
Gives Russia territory of Estonia, Livonia & a piece of Finland
Establishes new Russian capital at St. Petersburg (in piece of Finland)

30
Q

What does Peter I consider as his “window to the west”?

A

Capital @ St.Petersburg
Bc he’s trying to show Western Europe that Russia can be like them
(Moves Russia away from tradition)

31
Q

What territories did Russia gain as a result of the Great Northern War?

A

Estonia, Livonia & a piece of Finland

32
Q

How does Peter I try to update the tax system?

A

Wants to make it easier to collect and more hard for nobles to steal
Included a poll tax
Mercantilism: established joint stock companies
-govt monopoly on metallurgy & textiles

32
Q

What was the poll tax brought forth by Peter I?

A

A tax on each individual as opposed to a tax on the household

32
Q

What was the Senate of 9 members? Why was it established?

A

A senate whose job was to run the govt when the tsar was away
Peter I established it to prevent rebellions from happening while the tsar was away

33
Q

In what ways was Peter I paranoid?

A

Peter I thought his political enemies would become good friends with his son Alexi and plan to overthrow him

34
Q

What happens when Peter I son Alexi goes to Vienna secretly?

A

Peter tortures & interrogates Alexi and then executes Alexi

35
Q

What were some administrative reforms that Peter I did after he interrogated his son Alexi?

A

Established colleges

Table of ranks

36
Q

What was the table of ranks?

A

A new social hierarchy based on state service

A meritocracy

37
Q

What were some religious reforms that Peter I did after he interrogated his son Alexi?

A

Eliminated the position of the patriarch and replaced it with the Holy Synod
Secular control over the church
Replaced the bishops

38
Q

What was the Holy Synod?

A

Ecclesiastical governing body

40
Q

What did Peter I do when people didn’t like his religious and administrative reforms?

A

Nothing he didn’t give a crap

41
Q

When does Peter I rule?

A

1682-1725

EURO YAT (14 decks)

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