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EURO YAT > Reformation > Flashcards

Reformation Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

How was the Anglican Church or Church of England developed?

A

Henry 8th used the Protestant movement as an excuse to break with the papacy in Rome so that he could create and English national church

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1
Q

Summarize the reformation.

A

In the 16th century an attempt to reform the Christian church developed into a Protestant movement that shattered the religious unity of Europe.

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2
Q

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant movement?

A

With reforms and aggressive countermeasures

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3
Q

What was one reason why ppl felt the need for a religious reformation?

A

The papacy in Rome was widely seen to be more concerned with building and retaining worldly power & wealth than in guiding souls to salvation.

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4
Q

What was one way in which the papacy in Rome was widely seen to be more concerned with worldly power & wealth than in guiding souls to salvation?

A

The selling of indulgences -ppl paid to get rid of their sins

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5
Q

What were 5 abuses conducted by the Catholic Church?

A 
Simony 
Pluralism 
Absenteeism 
Nepotism 
Indulgences
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6
Q

What is simony?

A

Buying and selling of benefices (church offices)

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7
Q

What is pluralism?

A

Being able to have more than 1 benefice at a time

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8
Q

What is absenteeism?

A

When the bishop doesn’t show up in their city

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9
Q

What is nepotism?

A

Giving positions to family or friends

-could be bc they owed somebody something or they want something from someone

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10
Q

How did Pope Leo X change the idea of indulgences?

A

He made it so that you could also buy indulgences for your dead relatives.

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10
Q

Why does Pope Leo X adjust the idea of indulgences?

A

So that he could have money to rebuild the St.Peters Basilica

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10
Q

Who was Johan Tetzel?

A

An indulgence preacher (salesman) sent out by Pope Leo X

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10
Q

Big advantage that Martin Luther had that others didn’t

A

The printing press

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11
Q

How did Martin Luther become so devoted to religion?

A

He had a fear of storms so one day there’s a storm so he prays to a saint saying that if he lives through the storm he will devote his live to God.

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12
Q

What is the 95 theses?

A

Written by Luther,

An economic argument about indulgences and why it’s incorrect

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13
Q

3 main concepts of luther’s belief

A

Sola scriptura
Sola fide
Sola gratia

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15
Q

Sola scriptura

A

(Martin Luther) “by scripture alone” his belief that the only authority for Christians is the bible (old and new testaments)
-claimed that the only 2 sacraments are baptism & communion bc they’re the only ones found in the bible

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17
Q

Sola fide

A

(Martin Luther) “by faith alone” his belief that salvation was achieved by faith alone

19
Q

Sola gratia

A

(Martin Luther) “by grace alone” only by god’s grace choosing you do you receive salvation

20
Q

What was the priesthood of all believers?

A

One of luther’s concept that argued that all true believers received God’s grace and were therefore priests in God’s eyes

21
Q

Why did nobility find Luther appealing?

A

Luther was good friends with Fredrick of Saxony (a Prince) and the nobility of the GERMAN districts owed their allegiance to Fredrick

22
Q

What are 3 of Luther’s famous pamphlets?

A
  • “The Freedom of the Christian Man”
  • “Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation”
  • “On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church”
23
Q

Importance of “The Freedom of the Christian Man”

A

Luther encouraged common men to obey their Christian conscience and respect those in authority who seemed to possess true Christian principles

24
Q

Importance of “Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation”

A

Appealed to the German princes’ desire for both greater unity & power & to their desire to be out from under the thumb of an Italian pope

25
Q

Importance of “On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church”

A

Attacked the traditional 7 sacraments replacing them with only 2

26
Q

What was the Peace of Augsburg? What did it do?

A

(1555) GERMAN princes made it clear they no longer bowed down to Rome
It established “he who rules; his religion” & signaled to Rome that the German princes would not go to war with each other over religion.

27
Q

Where did Protestantism spread successfully?

A

Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland and England

28
Q

Where did the Protestant movement encounter more difficulty?

A

Eastern and Southern Europe

29
Q

What was the Diet of worms?

A

Luther was told it was a debate but it wasn’t it was a trap the church asks if he wants to recant his sins , Luther says no. so Luther is excommunicated and outlawed by the church (empire puts bounty on Martin Luther)

30
Q

Where was there the most bloodshed when it came to Protestantism?

A

France bc in 1534 Protestantism was declared heretical and illegal

31
Q

Term for French Protestants

A

Huguenots

32
Q

What was the peasant revolt? When was it?

A

(1524-1525) peasants were pushing for social equality

33
Q

What did Luther do in response to the peasant revolt?

A

He published another pamphlet “Against the Murdering & Robbing Horde of Peasants” telling the princes that it’s their duty to crush the peasant revolt

34
Q

Why didn’t Luther want the peasant revolt to succeed?

A

He didn’t want to start a social revolution he believed that it was strictly a spiritual revolution

35
Q

“Cuius regio, eius religio”

A

“He who rules; his religion”

36
Q

Describes Zwingli’s reformation?

A

Leader of Swiss reformation (militant)
Followers extremely hardcore and violent about their ideas
Reform = if it is literally in the bible then you can use it

37
Q

What was the Marburg Colluquy?

A

The event in which Luther & Zwingli get together and argue about co substation and transubstantiation eventually respecting each other’s belief

38
Q

What was the edict of Nantes?(1598)

A

Royal edict which established the principle of religious toleration in France

39
Q

Consubstantiation v. Transubstantiation

A

Ml v Catholic Church

40
Q

Calvinism

A

Accepts Lutheran theology however mainly emphasized on predestination

41
Q

Predestination is?

A

The idea that God has predetermined which people will be saved

42
Q

What helped spread Calvinist ideas?

A

The Genevan Academy

43
Q

According to Calvinists there are 2 kinds of people

A

1) elect - those predestined to be Calvinist

2) everybody else

44
Q

How were Calvinist churches organized?

A

Pastors (take what was studied in scripture & preach the word)
Doctors (studied scripture)
Deacons (coordinated charities)
Elders (disciplined; wrote discipline for church & community)

45
Q

John Calvin?

A

Leader of Calvinist movement

French man who rejected Catholicism

46
Q

Who were the anabaptists?

A
  • A group of radical reformers

- Believed in delaying baptism until the candidate could confess their faith

EURO YAT (14 decks)

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