The restless earth - Earthquake in a rich region - Kobe, Japan (case study) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what year did the earthquake happen?

A

1995

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is Kobe situated on?

A

a fault (line of weakness) on a destructive plate margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what were the 3 tectonic plates doing?

A

moving towards each other due to convection currents in the molten mantle below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the heavy oceanic crust?

A

the Philippines plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the light continental crust?

A

the Eurasian plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what did the earthquake measure on the Richter scale?

A

7.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how long did the ground shake for when the seismic waves were released?

A

20 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where was the earthquake shaking worse?

A

30Km south of Kobe on Awaji Island

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary effects - how many buildings collapsed?

A

67 000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primary effects - what percentage of schools collapsed?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary effects - how many deaths and injuries?

A

thousands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary effects - at what time did it happen?

A

5.46 in the morning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary effects - how many people did it leave homeless?

A

300 000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary effects - what did the shaking do to the Hanshin Expressway?

A

to collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

secondary effects - how many fires were started?

A

175

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

secondary effects - why were the fires started?

A

sparks from broken electricity cables ignited leaks from the damaged gas mains

17
Q

secondary effects - how many more deaths were caused due to the fires?

A

6000 deaths

18
Q

secondary effects - how many injuries were caused due to the fires?

A

14 000 injuries

19
Q

secondary effects - what happened amongst the elderly?

A

illness and further deaths

20
Q

secondary effects - where did people stay?

A

in unheated school halls or open parks in -2C

21
Q

secondary effects - how many aftershocks were there?

A

74

22
Q

immediate responses - what did the army and foreign rescue teams do?

A

dug out survivors and most areas were reached within 24 hours

23
Q

immediate responses - how many shelters were set up in schools for the 300 000 homeless?

A

599 shelters

24
Q

immediate responses - how far did people walk to reach trains to move to relatives homes?

A

15Km

25
Q

immediate responses - what did the fire brigade do?

A

destroyed some buildings to stop spread of fires

26
Q

immediate responses - what happened to most of the roads?

A

most of the roads were cleared by the end of the week

27
Q

long term responses - what did Kobe City Restoration Plan do?

A

everything from rebuilding Kobe to helping traumatized children

28
Q

long term responses - what did the ‘Light up the city campaign do?

A

bought Blackpool-style illuminations to Kobe to help improve image and bring people back

29
Q

long term responses - what did the government do?

A

rebuilt port area and within 10 months the economy fully recovered

30
Q

long term responses - what has japan done in preparation?

A

spent $1 billion on systems and research to predict earthquakes - 1000 GPS monitors allow about 1 minute warning to settlements away from the epicentre - can save some lives