The restless earth - a tsunami - Indian Ocean Boxing Day (case study)

Question 1

what year did the tsunami occur?

Answer 1

2004

Question 2

what caused the tsunami?

Answer 2

the Indo-Australian plate (oceanic) moving towards Eurasian plate (continental) due to convection currents in the mantle below - oceanic subducted below continental, friction between the plates causes them to lock together, pressure built up, was released as plates unlocked and moved at the focus

Question 3

what did the earthquake measure on the Richter scale?

Answer 3

9.1

Question 4

where was the epicentre?

Answer 4

Banda Aceh on island of Sumatra, Indonesia

Question 5

what did the earthquake do?

Answer 5

forced part of the seabed upwards, displacing the seawater, setting the whole depth of the ocean in motion and a series of small waves formed

Question 6

how high did the waves grow along the shoreline?

Answer 6

30m

Question 7

effects - how many people died?

Answer 7

220 000 died

Question 8

effects - how many people injured?

Answer 8

650 000 injured

Question 9

effects - how many people were made homeless?

Answer 9

2 million

Question 10

effects - in order, what were the worst hit places?

Answer 10

first Indonesia, then Sri Lanka, then Thailand

Question 11

effects - how many settlements in Banda Aceh were destroyed?

Answer 11

1500

Question 12

effects - what percentage of many coastal populations died?

Answer 12

70%

Question 13

effects - how much land was flooded in the main city?

Answer 13

3km

Question 14

effects - how many tourists died in Thailand?

Answer 14

1700

Question 15

effects - what was the economic impact?

Answer 15

tourists stayed away from the devastated resorts

Question 16

effects - how did this effect the fishermen?

Answer 16

they lost their source of income

Question 17

effects - how many people lost their jobs in Sri Lanka?

Answer 17

400 000

Question 18

effects - why did further deaths occur?

Answer 18

due to lack of clean water and food and spread of diseases from dead bodies

Question 19

Immediate responses - how much money did the people of the UK donate?

Answer 19

£300 million

Question 20

Immediate responses - how many people did the UN food group cater for?

Answer 20

1.3 million

Question 21

Immediate responses - what was a source of shelter?

Answer 21

plastic sheeting and tents were used to set up refuges camps

Question 22

Immediate responses - what happened to the dead bodies?

Answer 22

they were wrapped to prevent spread of disease and mass graves were dug for burials

Question 23

long term responses - what does the Indian Ocean Tsunami Early Warning System do?

Answer 23

gives out formal warnings to all countries via loudspeakers on mosques, megaphone, mobile phones etc.

Question 24

long term responses - when was the New Disaster Management Plan in Indonesia introduced?

Answer 24

2007

Question 25

long term responses - what was restored?

Answer 25

Mangrove swamps e.g. green coast project in Aceh

Question 26

long term responses - major reconstruction of houses and infrastructure carried out such as...

Answer 26

Banda Aceh rebuilt new hospitals, schools and 6m by 6m houses built to government modular design