The restless earth - a tsunami - Indian Ocean Boxing Day (case study) Flashcards

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1
Q

what year did the tsunami occur?

A

2004

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2
Q

what caused the tsunami?

A

the Indo-Australian plate (oceanic) moving towards Eurasian plate (continental) due to convection currents in the mantle below - oceanic subducted below continental, friction between the plates causes them to lock together, pressure built up, was released as plates unlocked and moved at the focus

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3
Q

what did the earthquake measure on the Richter scale?

A

9.1

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4
Q

where was the epicentre?

A

Banda Aceh on island of Sumatra, Indonesia

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5
Q

what did the earthquake do?

A

forced part of the seabed upwards, displacing the seawater, setting the whole depth of the ocean in motion and a series of small waves formed

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6
Q

how high did the waves grow along the shoreline?

A

30m

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7
Q

effects - how many people died?

A

220 000 died

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8
Q

effects - how many people injured?

A

650 000 injured

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9
Q

effects - how many people were made homeless?

A

2 million

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10
Q

effects - in order, what were the worst hit places?

A

first Indonesia, then Sri Lanka, then Thailand

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11
Q

effects - how many settlements in Banda Aceh were destroyed?

A

1500

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12
Q

effects - what percentage of many coastal populations died?

A

70%

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13
Q

effects - how much land was flooded in the main city?

A

3km

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14
Q

effects - how many tourists died in Thailand?

A

1700

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15
Q

effects - what was the economic impact?

A

tourists stayed away from the devastated resorts

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16
Q

effects - how did this effect the fishermen?

A

they lost their source of income

17
Q

effects - how many people lost their jobs in Sri Lanka?

A

400 000

18
Q

effects - why did further deaths occur?

A

due to lack of clean water and food and spread of diseases from dead bodies

19
Q

Immediate responses - how much money did the people of the UK donate?

A

£300 million

20
Q

Immediate responses - how many people did the UN food group cater for?

A

1.3 million

21
Q

Immediate responses - what was a source of shelter?

A

plastic sheeting and tents were used to set up refuges camps

22
Q

Immediate responses - what happened to the dead bodies?

A

they were wrapped to prevent spread of disease and mass graves were dug for burials

23
Q

long term responses - what does the Indian Ocean Tsunami Early Warning System do?

A

gives out formal warnings to all countries via loudspeakers on mosques, megaphone, mobile phones etc.

24
Q

long term responses - when was the New Disaster Management Plan in Indonesia introduced?

A

2007

25
Q

long term responses - what was restored?

A

Mangrove swamps e.g. green coast project in Aceh

26
Q

long term responses - major reconstruction of houses and infrastructure carried out such as…

A

Banda Aceh rebuilt new hospitals, schools and 6m by 6m houses built to government modular design