Rocks, resources and scenery - questions

Question 1

how are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 1

from metamorphic or sedimentary rocks - intense heat, melting to form magma, cooling and crystallisation

Question 2

what are the two types of igneous rock?

Answer 2

intrusive and extrusive igneous rock

Question 3

how are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 3

from sedimentary and igneous rocks - intense heat and intense pressure

Question 4

how are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 4

from igneous and metamorphic rocks - weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition and sedimentation, gentle pressure, compaction and cementation

Question 5

put these rocks in the order that they formed in the UK :

carboniferous limestone, chalk, granite, clay

Answer 5

carboniferous limestone, granite, clay, chalk

Question 6

how long ago was carboniferous limestone formed?

Answer 6

360 mya

Question 7

how long ago was granite formed?

Answer 7

280 mya

Question 8

how long ago was clay formed?

Answer 8

200 mya

Question 9

how long ago was chalk formed?

Answer 9

145 mya

Question 10

what are moorlands?

Answer 10

are a type of habitat found in upland areas with low-growing vegetation on acidic soils

Question 11

what is a vale?

Answer 11

a wide valley

Question 12

what is an aquifer?

Answer 12

an underground reservoir of water

Question 13

where does a spring line form?

Answer 13

along the boundary between two layers of permeable over impermeable rock

Question 14

what is a resurgent river?

Answer 14

a small river consisting of the water that reappears from under the ground

Question 15

how do pillars form in limestone caverns?

Answer 15

when occasionally a stalactite and stalagmite will link up forming a pillar

Question 16

what main type of farming is carried out on granite landscape?

Answer 16

grazing of animals

Question 17

at a tensional, constructive or divergent boundary what happens to the plates?

Answer 17

the plates move apart

Question 18

at a compressional, destructive or convergent boundary what happens to the plates?

Answer 18

the plates move towards each other

Question 19

at a conservative or transform boundary what happens to the plates?

Answer 19

the plates slide past each other

Question 20

why are earthquakes caused?

Answer 20

by the release of built up pressure inside the earths crust

Question 21

what is the power of an earthquake measured on?

Answer 21

a richter scale using a seismometer

Question 22

what is the epicentre?

Answer 22

the point at the earths surface directly above the focus

Question 23

what is the focus?

Answer 23

the point in the earths crust where the earthquake originates

Question 24

what are shock waves?

Answer 24

seismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the earths crust

Question 25

describe primary waves?

Answer 25

travel fastest, causing back and forth movement

Question 26

describe secondary waves?

Answer 26

slow and cause movement from side to side