Rocks, resources and scenery - questions Flashcards
how are igneous rocks formed?
from metamorphic or sedimentary rocks - intense heat, melting to form magma, cooling and crystallisation
what are the two types of igneous rock?
intrusive and extrusive igneous rock
how are metamorphic rocks formed?
from sedimentary and igneous rocks - intense heat and intense pressure
how are sedimentary rocks formed?
from igneous and metamorphic rocks - weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition and sedimentation, gentle pressure, compaction and cementation
put these rocks in the order that they formed in the UK :
carboniferous limestone, chalk, granite, clay
carboniferous limestone, granite, clay, chalk
how long ago was carboniferous limestone formed?
360 mya
how long ago was granite formed?
280 mya
how long ago was clay formed?
200 mya
how long ago was chalk formed?
145 mya
what are moorlands?
are a type of habitat found in upland areas with low-growing vegetation on acidic soils
what is a vale?
a wide valley
what is an aquifer?
an underground reservoir of water
where does a spring line form?
along the boundary between two layers of permeable over impermeable rock
what is a resurgent river?
a small river consisting of the water that reappears from under the ground
how do pillars form in limestone caverns?
when occasionally a stalactite and stalagmite will link up forming a pillar
what main type of farming is carried out on granite landscape?
grazing of animals
at a tensional, constructive or divergent boundary what happens to the plates?
the plates move apart
at a compressional, destructive or convergent boundary what happens to the plates?
the plates move towards each other
at a conservative or transform boundary what happens to the plates?
the plates slide past each other
why are earthquakes caused?
by the release of built up pressure inside the earths crust
what is the power of an earthquake measured on?
a richter scale using a seismometer
what is the epicentre?
the point at the earths surface directly above the focus
what is the focus?
the point in the earths crust where the earthquake originates
what are shock waves?
seismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the earths crust
