The Respiratory System Flashcards
Oxygen
A gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.
Cellular respiration
The chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
Glucose
A simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar.
Carbon dioxide
A gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.
Epiglottis
Leaf-like flap of cartilage behind the tongue that closes the air passage during swallowing.
Respiratory system
The body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide
Trachea
Narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves
Lungs
The organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs
Bronchi
The narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system
Bronchioles
Small branching tubes in the lungs leading from the two larger bronchi to the alveoli.
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.
Oxygenated blood
Describes the bright red blood that has been supplied with oxygen in the lungs
Pulmonary vein
The vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart.
Left atrium
Upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart.
Left ventricle
Lower left section of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
Aorta
A large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of the heart to the body.
Arterioles
Vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillaries.
The pathway oxygen travels from your lungs to your body.
Lungs->Pulmonary vein->Left atrium->Left ventricle->Aorta->Arterioles->Capillary->Body
The pathway carbon dioxide travels from your body cells to your lungs.
Body->Capillary->Venules->Vena Cava->Right atrium->Right ventricle -> Pulmonary artery->Lungs
Deoxygenated blood
Describes blood from which oxygen has been removed
Venules
Small veins
Right atrium
Upper right section of the heart where deoxygenated blood from the body enters.
Right ventricle
Lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to he lungs
Pulmonary artery
The vessel through which deoxygenated blood, carrying wastes from respiration, travels from the heart to the lungs
Diaphragm
Flexible, dome-shaped, muscular layer separating the chest and the abdomen. It is involved in breathing.
Vital capacity
The largest volume of air that can be breathed in or out at one time
Breathing
Movement of muscles in the chest causing air to enter the lungs and the altered air in the lungs to leave. The air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than the air leaving the lungs.
The pathway oxygen travels to your lungs during inhalation.
Oral cavity->Trachea->Bronchi->Bronchioles->Alveoli.
The pathway oxygen travels during exhalation.
Alveoli->Bronchioles->Bronchi->Trachea->Oral cavity.
Asthma
Narrowing of the air pipes that join the mouth and nose to the lungs.
What shape is the diaphragm when it is contracted?
Flat
What shape is the diaphragm when it is relaxed?
Curved
When our intercostal muscles contract, what happens to the rib cage?
It is pulled up and out.
What are the two important features of the alveolar wall for gas exchange to occur?
It is thin and moist.
Respiratory surface
The membrane between the alveoli and capillaries
Property of an artery
Muscular walls
Property of a vein
Has valves
The contraction and relaxation of muscles impacts blood flow in…
Veins
How do the structural features of capillaries contribute to their function.
They allow for the diffusion of gas molecules.
